A career in management consulting is not one of them.
The downside is that you have to work for Accenture or Deloitte.
I’ve worked in consulting for most of my career, so I can probably answer some of that for you.
If you want to get into a top-tier strategy consulting firm (typically considered to be McKinsey, Bain and Boston Consulting Group), you pretty much need top grades at one of the colleges they actively recruit at.
As Dangerosa pointed out, if you expand your search to firms like Accenture, or IBM or advisory or consulting practices in the Big-4 (Deloitte, KPMG, PwC, E&Y) or smaller boutique or niche firms like Navigant, AlixPartners or Huron, you only have to be reasonably smart and talented. Vault.com can give you a list of top firms.
As a manager/director, I’ve done a lot of interviewing of candidates. The vast majority of candidates either come through a) campus interviewing or b) employee referrals (which usually mean former school mates, sports team mates, fraternity brothers, family of clients or partners, or former coworkers from other consulting firms). So bottom line, you want to go to a good school where top consulting firms actively recruit at.
While you’re there, you probably want to study something like accounting, finance, computers, economics, statistics, engineering of any kind. Pretty much anything business, technology or math related.
It doesn’t hurt to have some extracurricular activities like sports, clubs, anything demonstrating teamwork and leadership. Consulting’s all about teamwork and leadership.
Also have excellent communication skills and high enthusiasm.
Oh yeah, there’s also the case interview. These are like “how many golf balls fit into a 747” or “why are manhole covers round” questions. They sound stupid, but they are supposed to test how well you break down a complex problem into it’s components and account for assumptions. They aren’t looking for a factually correct number.
Also, be sure you will actually like it. Working for a Deloitte or Accenture type company can be really cool when you are right out of college in your 20s. You make good money. Work with bright, career minded young people who will probably want to get drunk after work. Lot of responsibility and interesting projects.
But it can also be extremely demanding. Long hours. Living out of a suitcase Mon-Thurs for weeks on end. Extremely competitive “up or out” cultures. Demanding assholeish partners. Not making as much as d-bag half-wit I-bankers.
Also, every consulting engagement isn’t 6 weeks in Amsterdam or San Francisco (although I’ve had those). A lot of them are months working at some Podunk office park, living in a Marriot Courtyard and eating wings at Hooters every night because that’s the only restaurant for 20 miles.