IANADentist, but my foster-sister and I had braces respectively for 7 and 5 years, starting in late middle school.
As lots of family activities were curtailed due to the cost of our teeth, I can speak pretty confidently on how it worked for us in the mid-late 90s.
There are several costs to look at.
- regular dentist cleanings and visits - entirely different from braces, and continued throughout braces duration.
- braces prep, measurements, and installation. These are the first of the ortho visits, and involve removing extra teeth (usually actually done by someone else, and sometimes paid by insurance if the dentist can be persuasive enough on the paperwork) lots of x-rays, teeth and mouth-shape molds, and creating the braces themselves.
- braces maintenance and adjustment
- removal
- (optional) retainer prep, creation, and application.
1 is paid for by insurance.
2 had to be at least half paid off before they even started anything.
If there are teeth out, that is another charge, but for us (4 teeth and 4 wisdom teeth for me, 6 regular teeth, 2 stubborn baby teeth!! and 2 wisdom teeth for my foster sister) someone convinced the insurance company it was medically necessary, so insurance covered that part. I imagine it was hellishly expensive, as the process involved an anesthesiologist and a dental surgeon.
The remainder was a payment that for me was paid for at my monthly adjustments and for my foster sister with stubborn teeth was paid for through monthly bills since her adjustments were only every 3 months or so.
3 is a small charge similar to a dentist visit which has to be paid on site after the appointment. Unfortunately, insurance does not usually cover braces.
4 and 5 were wrapped up into one charge for me. For my foster sister, 4 was free because she had been in braces for 7 years, and was a Sophomore in college at that point and I think they felt sorry for my mom and her. I have a suspicion that 4 was free for me also because they knew we were flat broke at this point.
5 is one charge, in the $300 range, that again had to be at least half-paid before they would begin the process. I remember that total specifically, because we were dead broke at that point, and I paid the $150 from my college money because I wasn’t willing to be in braces for another few months while my parents scraped the cash together to get my retainer made. Afterwards, the rest is paid in monthly installments until it’s gone.
This was how it worked for me. Hope that made sense!