How were the pyramids in Egypt built?

Well, he caulks with mud. What do you expect? :wink:

When Egyptologists say “they mustta use ramps” they mean that the people were so backward and primitive that the sole “technology” in existence for lifting a stone was to build a ramp and drag it up. When they say “they mustta use ramps” they are imaging barefoot yokels tying themselves to a stone and heaving it up hills they built themselves. None of this is real and it is unevidenced. But just because it isn’t real there is no reason to believe slanted surfaces didn’t exist. Many such surfaces can be seen today from the 4.8 degree surface of the causeway sloping down to the river, to the 52 degree pyramid side, to the 70 degree step side. There’s no doubt they had literally million of sloping surfaces in ancient Egypt but this isn’t evidence any ever had a stone dragged on them or that said stone was pulled by people who mustta used ramps.

There’s very little doubt that “ramps” existed in ancient Egypt and it’s a safe bet some even had stones dragged on them so I never would have said there were no ramps. What I said is far more damning to Egyptological beliefs, “the word ramp isn’t attested from the great pyramid building age”. This shows either they are wrong about ramps being used or there is no cultural context as they maintain, or both. There is no wiggle room here. Either a foundation assumption is gone or the only argument they have to support their fantastic beliefs is gone.

I can show there’s no cultural context and that there’s no evidence for ramps so both the assumption AND the argument are gone. There’s nothing to support Egyptological beliefs and the only argument they had is gone.

Their belief that the language and religion remained essentially unchanged over millinea was really pretty fantastic anyway since there was no understanding of the initial conditions. If you don’t understand the “gods” from the pyramid building age then it’s highly illegitimate to say nothing changed in the religion. Something must have changed or initial beliefs would be known. All I’m doing is showing what changed, why it changed, and how the changes misled us just as it misled the descendents of the pyramid builders.

Ramps as a means to lift stones are debunked. They actually pulled stones straight up the side one step at a time if you believe the evidence and common sense.

I also never said they had no word for “ramp”. Ramps are a very simple concept and even animals build and use ramps. Of course there was a word for ramp.

What I said was the word “ramp” is unattested from the great pyramid building age. This means the word was so unimportant to the very people who built the great pyramids that they never once wrote it down in a place that has survived!!! Imagine that! No god of ramps and no overseer of ramp builders. They neglected to even bury an overseer of stone draggers.

There is no basis for the ramp hypothesis. It was a very poor guess that has been elevated to cosmic truth by repeting the mantra “they mustta used ramps” over and over.

Ramps are debunked based on physical evidence and common sense. There was never any support for them and the idea that there were constitutes a rather fantastic claim.

I’m sticking my neck out saying the word “ramp” is unattested because there are countless ways the word might have been used and one of these usages might be discovered today. That it won’t be discovered today or anytime at all until AFTER we figure out the truth is a prediction of my theory. Since they didn’t use ramps my theory predicts we won’t find the word was used except by some freakish coincidence. Just as 150 years of looking has failed to turn up any ramps it’s a safe bet another 150 years of looking in all the wrong places will not turn up usage of the word ramp.

I can tell you almost exactly (within a couple hundred feet) where to find the word “ramp” but there’s almost no chance they’ll stumble on it until they understand the PT. If they do stumble on it they’ll figure ourt very quickly that they most assuredly did not use ramps to build any great pyramid.

Utterance 279.

420a. To say: N., I have trampled the mud of the water-courses. Thot is the protector of N.,
420b. when it is dark, when it is dark.

Chris Dunn is not well respected among skeptics and Egyptologists and have made a few statements that seem rather fanciful but he’s still an engineer and some of his arguments are still sound.

I don’t know. I believe most of these joints are plenty tight enough to hold water based on description. All I do know is that the airshafts were not intended to hold water and are not built to hold water but a bucket dumped into the kings southern shaft (which is damaged) still conducts most of the water to the chamber. This implies a very very high level of precision everywhere. Even 27 centuries of earthquakes and intentional damage has done little except to lay it bare.

Yes, we need to know the weight of each floor of the [del]towers[/del] pyramid and it’s shocking that this information is being withheld.

Are you just lazy, then? If it’s so trivial, then do it!

Because it separates what one can imagine, from what’s actually possible. Talk is cheap, anyone can propose anything. Models and testing transform hot air into actual evidence. It’s how science is done.

Any other source? I can’t view that on my work PC or my mobile device.

You haven’t beenb specific as to what you want. I can’t be defending concepts like the sky is blue. What usually happens when someone wants something specific defended is that I post a source and then they simply deny that the claim is even relevant in the first place. I say something like we know the water collection device was built first because it’s underneath the pyramid and they answer that it’s irrelevant that it was built first.

Reality is cheap too. It’s happening all around us and we are a part of it. If I say that the amount of work to lift a stone is the reciprocal of the efficiency times the weight time the height then this is simple fact. I can provide links to such things but frankly I believe it’s the reader’s responsibility to look this up because I can’t understand it for them and if they don’t understand it then a link won’t help. W = F x d and it’s a vector equation. In this case the direction is directly away from the earth and the force is gravity. Just because Egyptologists don’t recognize the importance of this equation it isn’t nullified in any way. The work needed to lift pyramid is not proportional to their volume as they pretend but to their volume and height. This is reality.

It’s just a silly little uTube video showing how water at altitude can be used to lift stones. It means nothing because we all know that oif they had water at 81’ 3" it could have been used to lift stones. The question isn’t whether or not water could build the pyramid, the question is whether they used water to lift stones up one step at a time or another means to lift stones one step at a time.

Ramps are debunked and stones moves straight up the side.

I just don’t understand why Cladking keeps saying there’s a lack of evidence for ramps. Revenant Threshold explained back in post 784 that he has images of the ramps.

The whole no-evidence-for-ramps argument has been fully debunked with facts, logic and metaphysics.

It’s really post #152 even if there are photos taken by aliens of ramps. Obviously any species capable of flying many light years to get to earth would have an easy time of faking the pictures.

Have I told you lately that I hate you? :wink:

cladking, when you get bored with us here I have in mind another board you might enjoy, except they may consider it an act of war. :frowning:

Believe it or not this place is about as open minded as they come!!!

I’ll probably hang around.

I’ve tried just about every kind of forum there is trying to attack this from various angles. I’m interested in what you have in mind and I’ll go anywhere except a “skeptics” forum.

No, it’s post 784. Here, I’ll quote it for you.

That’s the kind of evidence that even a baby could understand. It’s like pointing at the sky and saying, “See, it’s blue! Discussion over.”

149: your arms are (those of) Hapy and Duamutef, which you need to ascend to heaven, and you ascend, your legs are (those of) Imsti and Qebehsenuf, which you need to descend to the lower heaven, and you descend

I can’t speak for Revenant, but to me the references to ascending and descending clearly describe going up and down a ramp.

Not at all.

These are the four sons of horus and each was charged with overseeing a side of the pyramid. They were represented by the “Overseer of the Side of the Pyramid”. Each of these sides had about an equal amount of work. Hapi and Daumutef represented the south and east sides where the stones were loaded to go up so their “arms” were needed to hold the stones for lifting. Imsti and Quebehsenauf did the actual lifting and as we all know you’re supposed to lift with your legs. After the end of great pyramid building these phenomena became confused with the preservation of the internal organs. Actually this evolution of the meaning of these terms was well underway even before the confusion of the language.

They ascend not because they are on ramps but because they are the descending and ascending equipment, loads, and ballast.

This is really quite clear in the PT and is one of the ways that Egyptologists might have solved this.

1548a. that which is in the back part of his body belongs to those four gods, the sons of Horus, his beloved,
1548b. Ḥȝpi, ’Imś.ti, Dwȝ-mw.t.f, Ḳbḥ-śn.w.f.
1549a. His head, his tail, his two hands, his two feet

The head of atum (osiris) is the water in the hands of Imsti. His tail is that which follows vbbehind and is the wdn’t offering released in the “marsh of offerings” by Quebehsenauf. His hands are the ability of the water to act at a distance and his feet allow him to move. The rest of atum is elsewhere.

1483a. for N. is one of those four gods,
1483b. ’Imś.ti, Ḥȝpi, Dwȝ-mw.t.f, Ḳbḥ-śn.w.f,
1483c. who live on truth, who lean upon their d’m-sceptres,

The word is “balance” not truth. Ma’at is balance and the sons of horus live only with balance. They lean on the devices that change the rope direction called “dm-sceptres”; two on imsti’s side and one on quebehsennauf’s.

1982b. Atum has given to thee, and the Two Enneads have made for thee.
1983a. The children of thy child have raised thee up, perfect–
1983b. Ḥȝpi, ’Imś.ti, Dwȝ-mu.t-f, Ḳbḥ-śn.w.f,

They raise the dead king (the pyramid) up perfect.

2078a. To say: These four grandsons stand up for N.,
2078b. ’Ims.ti, Ḥȝpi, Dwȝ-mu.t.f, Ḳbḥ-śn.w.f,
2078c. the offspring of Horus of Letopolis.
2079a. They bind a ladder for N.;
2079b. they make firm a ladder for N.
2079c. They cause N. to ascend to Khepri,

The dead king has a one way trip to the stars; right up the ladder straightr up the side of the pyramid.

1227d, Bring it to N., namely, the “work of Khnum.”
1228a. O Ḥpi, ’Imś.ti, Dwȝ-mut.f, Ḳbḥ-śn.w.f,
1228b. bring it to N., namely, the “work of Khnum,”

They need a boat to build and the king to fly.

1970a. Wherewith shall N. be caused to fly?
1970b (N. 758-759). Then let there be brought to thee ------ ḥnw-boat, built by Mw-ḥn,

This is all pretty apparent once you consider that they might have thought differently than we think.

Lucky for us we have you to interpret the inscrutable.

And the scrutable. Where would we be if people weren’t around to interpret the perfectly scrutable?

Scrude?

2078a. To say: These four grandsons stand up for N.,
2078b. ’Ims.ti, Ḥȝpi, Dwȝ-mu.t.f, Ḳbḥ-śn.w.f,
2078c. the offspring of Horus of Letopolis.
2079a. They bind a ladder for N.;
2079b. they make firm a ladder for N.
2079c. They cause N. to ascend to Khepri,

Khepri is the “natural phenomenon of all things that have existence to have arisen from something that exists”. Khepri is thought of as an aspect of the sun and this is exactly right in a left handed sort of way. They knew from observing sunspots in the evening that the exact same sunspots apppeared in the morning so that it was the same sun which came each day. From observation they knew everything arose from something. When reality is taken as being axiomatic a wholly different set of knowledge arises. What made this possible was a natural language which had the logic of mathematics whose grammar reflected nature. It was primitive but it wasn’t stupid. This observational science invented agriculture and cities and built the pyramids.

What kind of reception have your theories received?