They’re the stumps, with the bails being the top pieces. You don’t win the innings by doing this, you ‘run out’ the player running towards those stumps at that point. You have to get ten men out to end the innings (and you don’t ‘win’ an innings, the total score decides the winner).
You don’t bowl a century, you bat one. It’s a hundred runs scored by a single batsman. A big part of the scoring is ‘boundaries’ - hit the ball out of the pitch without a bounce, and it’s six runs, or ‘a six’. Do so with it hitting the ground on the way, and it’s a four.
Bowled - A fair ball breaks the striker’s wicket whether or not it hit the bat or batsman on the way.
LBW (Leg Before Wicket) - A fair ball which would have hit the striker’s wicket is prevented from doing so by hitting his person (not just the leg). Some restrictions apply.
Caught - After hitting the bat, the ball is caught within the field of play by any of the fielding side. It can rebound off the batsman or a fielder as long as it doesn’t hit the ground first.
Stumped - The batsman, in playing at the ball, crosses the “crease” (white line about a yard in front of the wicket) and does not return to it before the wicket-keeper gathers the ball and breaks the wicket with it.
Hit wicket - In playing at the ball, the batsman breaks his own wicket with his person, bat or clothing. (A recent instance this year occurred when Kevin Pietersen’s helmet was knocked off his head and fell on the stumps.)
The above all count towards the bowler’s own tally when he is reckoning up how many batsmen he has dismissed and for how many runs. The remainder do not:
Run Out - Either batsman, while running, fails to reach the line before the wicket he is running to is broken by the ball. (The batsman himself is not “tagged out”!)
Hit The Ball Twice - More or less obsolete; if the batsman hits the same delivery a second time he is given out. In ancient times a batsman could carry on bashing away at anything within reach and the game was none too safe as a result. If the initial shot does not stop the ball from hitting the wicket then the batsman may still stop it with his bat, but can’t score a run off the shot in that case.
Obstructed The Field - Once he has played his shot, the batsman must not interfere with the fielding side’s effort to retrieve it. I once played in a game where the batsman played the ball, started to run, realized it was a mistake and kicked the ball away from the fielder who was about to pick it up and run him out - he was given out OTF. England batsman Leonard Hutton was given out for this when he played a second shot at a ball he had just knocked in the air - he was allowed to protect his wicket per the previous paragraph, but he prevented an easy catch from being made in so doing.
Handled The Ball - The batsman must not touch the ball with his hand except on request by the fielding side, except that the hand counts as part of the bat while it is holding it and self-protection is always allowed. There have been a few instances in international cricket, again involving a ball rebounding towards the stumps after being hit and the batsman reflexively smacking it away. (Stopping it by putting himself in the way or using the bat would have been legitimate.) Also, Australian batsman Andrew Hilditch once obligingly (but unasked) picked the ball up to give it back to the bowler, Sarfraz Nawaz of Pakistan. The fielding side appealed and the umpire had no choice but to give him out.
Timed Out - When a batsman is out, the next man in has only a limited time to present himself ready to play, and if he takes too long the fielding side may ask for him to be ruled out. The umpires have discretion to allow for a genuine emergency.
Retired Out - A batsman can always give up his innings and let someone else have a turn. However, unless he is retiring owing to injury (when he can resume as soon as someone else is out) he counts as being out.
Addendum: chowder used the abbreviation “C&B” above. “Caught and bowled” is just a shorthand for the occasional case where the catch is actually made by the bowler. It enjoys no special privileges but, of course, counts towards the one player’s figures for the season as both a wicket and a catch.
Not to a batsmen that is already out. If a batsman retires the next player who has not batted in that innings would come in. In practice, unless the batsman is injured, it is very unlikely to happen, baring in mind that the better batsmen are higher up the order so the next man in is likely to be worse
Everyone’s answered the question already, so I’ll just point and laugh at chowder. Some quite famous cricketers have played at Old Trafford, tha knows.
Sometimes retiring would make sense, when a technically correct but slow scoring batsman is in and knows that the next man is more likely than him get out quickly but is likely to bash a few while he’s in. Most players just try to score quicker, taking chances they wouldn’t normally. Some players - George Gunn when he’d had enough, Jack Hobbs taking pity on the fielding side when he’d posted an easy hundred - would deliberately get out instead.
