On the motorway this morning, I passed a motortrike. It was quite large - bigger than a small car - and was pulling a trailer. There were two people on the trike, one behind the other. I don’t know if the rear seat could have held more passengers but the passenger seemed to be centrally positioned. It was sort of in the style of a Harley-Davidson ‘hog’. A bit like this except bigger and with more bodywork. And in a horrid brown colour.
Nearly all large trikes on the road are customs. The one in the linked picture is a custom trike based on an air-cooled Volkswagen engine. The one that you saw may have been built around a V-8.
Actually, Harley-Davidson just started building the Tri Glide Ultra Classic, the first factory trike they’ve ever made (that I’m aware of). However, based on the OP’s description, he probably saw some sort of VW custom.
Looking at the picture I can see the end can, and that appears to be too small for a twin cylinder machine.
I’d say that it has to be a 4 cylinder engine, highly likely a Japanese engine, my guess is that its from a FJ1200 or something like it. These particualr engines are often lifted and fitted into custom machines
Neither the Boss Hoss nor the Harley trikes look sufficiently powerful to pull a trailer. The trailer wasn’t a caravan, but an ordinary 4’x4’ trailer, and the rear of the trike appeared to be wider than the trailer. So it’s looking like a custom job.