Is overtime really more costly?

I was recently reading an article on NYC’s Operation Atlas (the NYPD’s anti-terror efforts) in which the author takes a few shots at the admin. for the high cost of overtime pay for the officers working in Atlas, which is really just a continuation of a longstanding policy of rewarding seniority/making up for low wages with OT.

Now, obviously time-and-a-half pay costs more than regular pay. But (leaving aside the NYPD’s basic problem/cause for OT–lack of recruits to cover all of the street hours the dept. needs to fill) is OT, on the whole, always going to be more expensive than hiring a new person?

For short periods–say someone’s out sick or on vacation, etc.–it obviously makes sense to just pay an experienced current employee to work longer. But what about longer periods? At what point do you, the employer, do better to hire someone new? Even if the NYPD had enough recruits to fill all their slots, for example, it still costs a LOT to train those recruits, and every person you add presumably adds a bit more to your day-to-day admin/mgmt costs (i.e., ten more people on the payroll are ten more people that need a supervisor, that need to have healthcare benefits, pension management, etc. etc.).

So what’s the straight dope on OT?

When I went to business school, one of the first things we were taught was that the correct answer to any business questions is, “It depends.”

In the case I’m familiar with (food manufacturing, ice cream to be specific) the cutoff point is around 20%. Above that point it is more cost effective to hire a new employee.

In addition to the increased overhead of a new employee, remember that police officers are hard to lay off; if staffing needs were reduced by some miracle, the new officers would still be there.