Let me again clarify. I was not asking whether the United States is, or ever was, a “Christian nation” in a constitutional sense, the way the United Kingdom is. Marvin Olasky argued for the strong Christian sensibilities of the Founding Fathers and their colonial generation in his book Fighting for Liberty and Virtue: Political and Cultural Wars in Eighteenth-Century America (Crossway Books, 1995), but he was probably flat wrong; you can read an excellent debunking-review by Catholic scholar John J. Reilly [ulr]http://pages.prodigy.net/aesir/fflav.htm. (I’ve read only the review, not the book.)
But it is certain that this country was founded mostly by people who considered themselves an essential part, not merely of Christendom, but of Protestant Christendom, and considered that this set them apart from non-Protestant peoples (including the Indians, the Mexicans, the Quebecois, the Africans just off the boat, and most nations of the Old World). I suggest that this attitude played a central role in forming our strangely durable myth of “American exceptionalism.” This way of thinking grew even stronger after the Second Great Awakening in the early 19th century. It remained strong in the 20th century even if the latitude was expanded to encompass Catholics and Jews. According to the studies and surveys cited by Michael Lind, this attitude is now in a severe long-term decline.
Are these sources accurate? And, if so, what will be the effects, not merely on the role of religious viewpoints and observances in public life, but on our sense of “American exceptionalism”?
I should emphasize that if the change we’re looking at is a real one, it is above all a generational change. “Generation X” and the “Millennials” would appear to be less religious, or at any rate less Christian, than the Baby Boomers – many of whom, in their youth, took religion as such very seriously while rejecting their parents’ traditional faiths to explore new spiritual paths. And, within the next three decades, the Boomers will gradually move into retirement while the younger generations will come to the fore. We might be well on our way to becoming a “secular society” like Britain, but one or two generations behind the curve.
This might be a discussion for another thread – but in their books Generations and The Fourth Turning, Boomer authors Neil Howe and William Strauss expounded a theory that Anglo-American civilization has been passing through a regular, predictable series of generational cultural cycles ever since the Tudor period. One result of this is that, every four generations, we can expect a period of religious or spiritual “Awakening.” But the most recent Awakening, the 1960s, was different from all those before because its spiritual core was not Christian. If their theory is correct, then the sons and daughters of today’s “Millennials” will, when they come of age, start another Awakening – but it is likely to be even less Christian in nature than that of the 1960s. Does anyone else care to speculate along these lines?