In the plural they are “cattle”. A male is a “bull” if fertile, an “ox” (for draft) or “steer” (for meat) if castrated, an adult female is a “cow”, a immature male or female is a “calf”. However is there one English word that names a bos taurus in the singular without regard to sex or age?
I tried some searching in my dictionaries - all I found was that the plural of cow was once “kine”.