I think you’re jumping on this from the wrong direction. “Politicians” have lttle to do with this.
Humans are tribal animals. Everybody divides the world into Us & Them. Even you do it.
There’s been some good research (sorry, no cite) to the effect that one key difference between differeint individuals is how big their concept of Us is.
For a sociopath/psychopath, Us=him alone, Them = everybody else.
Folks who define themselves on the far conservative / Right side of politics have a strong tendency for Us to be a pretty small group. Like a couple dozen people.
Folks who define themselves on the far liberal / Left side of politics have a strong tendency for Us to be a bigger group. Like a couple thousand people.
The problem is now we all live in a world where 100,000 people is a small group and a couple billion is a big group. And we’re dense enough & interconnected enough that the classic Libertarian attitude (100% do your own thing so long as you don’t hurt the next guy) doesn’t work anymore. Almost anything you would do does hurt somebody since we’re so connected.
As long as people at large unconsciously emote their way into opinions and actions, rather than thinking them through rationally, this gross disconnect between human nature and our societal situation will cause problems.
“Politician” is the name of the job of reconciling differing opinions and goals into a single deliberate concrete action (or no-action) plan.
In an ideal world these are smart careful people aware of human frailties both individual and collective. And dedicated to doing the right thing as best they can honestly determine it.
In a bad world they’re interested mostly in telling the masses what they want to hear so they can be elected to positions of power. And once in such a position, they’ll use their own unexamined frailties and pre-judged emotional attitudes to enact whatever feels right to them. And since by definition they were elected by some manner of majority, many/most of the clueless masses in that jurisdiction will be happy to have things run according to their own similar clueless frailties and pre-judged emotional attitudes.
in public discourse, the vast majority of the seats *are *the cheap seats. So playing to those cheap seats is almost always a winning strategy.