I am familiar with the old DOS 8.3 file names in floppies and how they were recorded in the disk. I see Windows can use long file names but the disks are backwards compatible so the long file names have to be kept somewhere else hidden from DOS which has to see the old 8+3. How is this done and where is it kept.
Also, when DOS deletes a file it overwrites the first character of the file name and the file space is free for other files but Windows keeps the file in the “recycling bin”. How does it do this with a floppy?
Long file names on floppies are accomplished using VFAT (link on how it’s actually accomplished). Basically it uses multiple 8.3 filename sections and strings them together. (As a side note, when Microsoft introduced this, it was fairly ham-handed as usual - they decided that any floppy you inserted even for reading would have the FAT re-written for VFAT. This had the side-effect of breaking lots of floppy-disc protection schemes… but I digress).
Both DOS and 'doze accomplish deletion the same way (they’re the same thing after all). If you truly delete a file, it’s gone the same way, just the Windows standard is to move it to the “Recycle Bin” instead, which is just a standard directory that’s treated specially.
Having a recycle bin for a floppy would be kind of pointless, given that they’re so small, so those files just get deleted.