For four decades, North Vietnamese under Ho Chi Minh regime have never heard of human rights. During the French Indochinese War that lasted nearly 9 years, Vietnamese people in the countryside were treated with the French terrorism policy. When the French withdrew and peace was restored, peasants in North Vietnam were extremely frightened by the Land Reform Campaign, the real objective of which were not to redistribute land to farmers but to get rid of the Class of Landlords.
From 10,000 to 15,000 landlords an “reactionaries” were put to death by shooting, beating, hanging, stoning and even locking in without food and water. The campaign not only got rid of the unwanted landlords but also scared the poor peasants into faithfulness to the Party.
Furthermore, peasants in North Vietnam would appreciate anything a little better than hardships under the colonial time.
They were taught that in every country in the world, prisoners of war are killed, except the Communist states who save the POW’s lives so that they would be kept as forced labor to work for the wealth of the socialist society. They were told that prisoners have no rights of citizens; so if a prisoner was murdered, his or her family may not complain or blame anyone for the death.
People can be arrested at any time, and investigations by Public Security agents have absolute legal values. Prison guardians are allowed to beat criminal inmates at their will. Death sentences are given even to petty crimes such as copying love music from South Vietnam radio stations.
It is almost impossible to know how many innocent people have been executed by order of the Communist leaders, not including dead soldiers on the two sides of the wars since 1945. Victims could be counted only when people found mass graves such as in areas around Hue in 1968 - some three thousand bodies buried alive or after being shot or beaten to death.
Citizens are were taught since their first days at school to do everything profitable to the Party. In general, the communist regime try to make its citizens become working machines to ensure their obedience. Human rights, therefore, has no place in such education system.
Only in the recent years after 1975 when North Vietnamese have had contact with their compatriots in South Vietnam and thanks to an uncontrollable flow of small portable radios into North Vietnam, people from the North could be aware of what they had been denied by their Communist government for many decades.
During the past few years, the American government, along with France strongly criticized Hanoi regime of its human rights violations, but only to say later that there were progress in its human rights records, in order to justify investment of their capitalists in Vietnam as well as awarding the most favored nation status to Beijing.