Musical types: what does a "deep contralto" speaking voice sound like?

–or indeed a “lilting soprano,” “mild tenor,” or pretty much any other opera-derived vocal descriptor used in literature. As an avid reader who is tone-deaf and possessed of a vast and unfathomed musical ignorance (I am aware that Ringo was the drummer and that’s about it), I’ve been subconsciously bleeping over such terms for decades. I know that “baritone” corresponds to a deep masculine voice, but how does it sound different from a “bass” voice?

I suppose I could search out relevant operatic performances and try to extrapolate from there; but I am hoping that someone might be able to suggest actors and actresses with speaking voices that are characteristic of these voice types.

I know we have several Dopers with serious singing experience so they can probably add more, but here are the major voice classifications going from highest to lowest:

Soprano
Mezzo-soprano
Contralto
Tenor
Baritone
Bass

Soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto are normally applied only to women. Men with higher-than-tenor voices are called countertenors. Some women can sing in the tenor range but I think they are just called contraltos. (I believe all-female barbershop quartets may be an exception to that, but I don’t think there are many novels about those.)

Missed the edit window.

I wouldn’t trust my ability to correctly peg the voice type of different celebrities, but after checking my impression against Wikipedia/Google here are some examples. (Some may still be incorrect, as Wikipedia is not infallible, but it’s pretty reliable for pop culture matters.)

Lauren Bacall is an actress who might be described as having a “deep contralto” voice. I believe Nicole Kidman is a soprano. The difference between a baritone and a bass is basically the difference between Tom Jones and Barry White. Contraltos and basses (deepest voices for women and men respectively) are both fairly rare. Sopranos and tenors (highest voices for women and men respectively) are also rare but I think more common than the deepest voices. Mezzo-sopranos and baritones are the most common voice types for women and men respectively.

Celine Dion is of course a soprano. Whitney Houston is a mezzo-soprano. Annie Lennox is a contralto. Elton John was a tenor at the height of his career but Wikipedia says his voice has deepened to a baritone with age. Freddie Mercury had an impressive vocal range and could sing baritone, tenor, and countertenor.

What is Cassandra Wilson?

With sound examples:
Bass: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_IaJDqz2Zo
Baritone: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRg6geGIef4
Tenor: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxzAk04rJtw
Countertenor: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMm9kqEWbZI
Contralto: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJaFcO-SX1A
Mezzo-soprano: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v10cuH_JULo
Soprano: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ng6SyWNOfE

Note that each of these voice types are further divided according to precise range and timbre (especially female voices). For instance, both Sumi Jo and Jessye Norman are sopranos but one is a colloratura and the other a dramatic soprano.

Smoky contralto.

:slight_smile:

While I appreciate the links to relevant operatic performances, the gist of my problem is that I have difficulty recognizing how this quality applies to a person’s normal speaking voice. (Generally when these terms are used in fiction to describe characters’ voices, the characters are not singing.) In a pulp novel, when a gangster is described as speaking in a “gravelly baritone,” who should I imagine I’m hearing? I gather that “bass” would suggest a Darth Vader or Lurch type of voice, but I am otherwise at sea. Does Michelle Pfeiffer’s voice correspond to a soprano or contralto? Charlize Theron? What about Sean Connery? Eddie Deezen? Jo Anne Worley?

Terms like “soprano”, “baritone”, etc., don’t really refer to a person’s speaking voice. A soprano would probably have a noticeably higher speaking voice than a contralto, but I don’t think I could tell a soprano from a mezzo-soprano just from hearing her speak. I doubt many authors could either. My own singing experience is limited to karaoke, but I’d be skeptical if even an experienced voice instructor or choir director claimed to be able to classify voices infallibly based on just normal conversational speech. I think they’d need a demonstration of the person’s singing range.

Generally speaking, the average adult woman’s voice falls in the mezzo-soprano range and the average adult man’s in the baritone range. Lower than average is a contralto for women (see this brief clip of Lauren Bacall) or bass for men (James Earl Jones is a great example). Higher than average is a soprano for women, or a tenor for men. A tenor would still obviously be a man’s voice, though. A man with such a high voice that he sounded like a woman would be a countertenor.

In literature, I’d say that the purpose of describing a woman as a soprano is less about her actual voice and more about evoking ideas associated with the soprano voice: youth, innocence, and beauty. These associations are partially because children have higher voices than adults and partially because of the kinds of roles that go to sopranos in operas. The romantic heroine is almost always a soprano. Similarly, a young romantic hero in an opera is usually going to be a tenor. Prince Charming and Snow White would be a tenor and a soprano. So would Romeo and Juliet.

I don’t think I’ve ever seen a woman described as a mezzo-soprano in fiction, but you do see men described as baritones a lot. A baritone isn’t going to seem boyish like a tenor, he’s clearly a MAN. He might be a good man or a bad man, but either way he has some experience of the world.

If a woman is described as a contralto, you’re meant to understand that she’s sexy, evil, or both. (In an opera she might just be an old lady, but I don’t think you’d see an elderly woman described this way in fiction.) A man described as having a bass voice is meant to be imposing. He might be a gentle giant, maybe even a comic figure (think Hagrid in Harry Potter), but will often be a character with serious power. In an opera the soprano’s father is usually a bass, as are good kings, pagan gods, and the devil.

You know, of course, the difference between a contralto and a tenor.

A tenor doesn’t have hair on his back.

Huh. From time to time I’ve read books where the author will describe a woman’s voice as contralto when he (usually a guy) wants to portray her as smoky and sensual. They’re usually not talking about singing voice, but normal speech. I suppose they could just be using the term wrong and should just say the woman has a smooth, relatively deep voice, but it’s always made sense to me.

I don’t think it’s wrong, but in real life I don’t think it would be easy to distinguish a low mezzo-soprano from a contralto just from hearing her talk. Of course, if you’re not auditioning singers it doesn’t really matter if you’ve correctly pegged someone’s voice type, and in fiction saying a woman is a contralto may work better than just saying she has a deep voice.

A good writer wants you to experience the world as if you’re there, and paints a picture with words to help you do so. So the use of bass, tenor, contralto, mezzo and soprano where voices are concerned is all just to add color for the reader, so that s/he can “hear” the voices in his or her imagination. In this context, these terms have nothing to do with singing voice, and everything to do with the pitch as heard when they speak.

We’ve all heard a woman with a light, flute-like voice, like a soprano; or one with a deeper, huskier voice, like an alto/mezzo or contralto (the later is even deeper and rarer). Or guys who speak with nasal, high tenor voices or booming, resonant basses. So a writer will shortcut it by saying the woman said ‘hello’ in a throaty contralto and, if you know what a contralto is, you can ‘hear’ it yourself.

I think the use of “deep” to modify “contralto” is redundant. I mean, duh, that’s what a contralto is – a low-pitched female voice. It does serve to define “contralto” for anyone who doesn’t know what it means, though. But “lilting” isn’t necessary to a soprano voice; I’ve known many a high-speaking gal whose voice wasn’t very musical or melodious.

Nicole Kidman is a good example of a soprano speaking voice; so is Lisa Kudrow, Goldie Hawn, Meryl Streep.

I’d put Michelle Pfeiffer as a low soprano or regular mezzo, certainly not a contralto. (Contralto is lower than mezzo / alto.) Oprah Winfrey is a mezzo, I think, though I think some might fairly describe her as a contralto. Elaine Stritch: definite contralto.

Let’s look at the Simpsons/Futurama V.O. actors. Dan Castellanetta as Barney: high tenor, maybe even counter tenor. Almost all of Hank Azaria’s characters are tenors, I’d say. Phil Hartman: baritone. Billy West as Fry: tenor. Billy West as Zapp Brannigan: baritone. Kelsey Grammer, baritone. Harry Shearer as Derek Smalls, Principal Skinner and Rev. Lovejoy: baritone/bass. Harry Shearer as Ned: tenor. Harry Shearer as Julius Hibbert: bass. (Shearer is the best at using different pitches, methinks.)

As a tangent, you really can’t judge the sort of singing voice one will have just by listening to their speaking voice. For example, I tend to speak quite low in pitch, and a writer would probably call my voice a mezzo, perhaps a lilting mezzo when I’m in a good mood. :slight_smile: So back when I used to sing, people were always surprised to hear my high soprano range. In fairness, part of the reason for the discrepency is that I use my speaking voice very poorly; many opera singers take special care to speak in a properly produced manner, what my teacher used to call “on the breath” rather than from back in the throat (like I do). The latter can be rough on your throat and tends to make you hoarse after a while. That’s why you may notice that professional opera singers often have speaking voices that are themselves quite lovely, often almost musical, thanks to use of their diaphragms and being careful not to push.

What would she be? (her speaking voice both before and after the song)

That’s mostly comfortably in the contralto range, although the first song is mostly in the soprano area. Based on what sounds like her natural range, I’d definitely say contralto, though.

Just a few (meaning 11!) celebrities whose speaking voices (and sometimes singing voices) I felt suited the following voice categories.

Soprano = Fantasia Barrino
Mezzo-soprano = Gillian Anderson
Mezzo = Meryl Streep (her voice is actually relatively low)
Mezzo-contralto = Sutton Foster
Contralto = Anne Bancroft

Countertenor = Joe Pesci
Tenor = Woody Allen
Baritenor = Robert Duvall
Baritone = Patrick Stewart
Bass-baritone = Johnny Cash
Bass = Frank Bruno

Additionally, a treble is a “little boy’s voice.” Just a note.
A cambiata is the voice of a boy whose voice is still changing. Justin Bieber could be described as one. He’s no longer a treble, but not quite a tenor yet.
And Mariella Frostrup and present-day Kathleen Turner would qualify as women whose voices are lower than contralto. Lower than tenor, possibly. I would tell you a word for them if I knew one.

I don’t understand the whole thing about Nicole Kidman. She sounds more like a mezzo.
It’s more difficult to classify a woman’s speaking voice than a man’s speaking voice.
Meryl Streep has been classified as a soprano by some, a contralto by some, and a mezzo by me. It’s not difficult to see why she was classified as any of those categories. But what if a man’s voice has been classified as a tenor, a baritone, and a bass? If you listened to him, would you think, “Why did that guy classify him as a tenor/baritone/bass?!”

“mezzo-contralto”? What happened to “alto”?

That’s what I was going to ask, too. Is there a difference between “contralto” and just plain “alto”?

And you sometimes also see “basso profundo” for the really deep male voices.

Uh, no.

Countertenor would be Michael Jackson. Or possibly Tiny Tim.

What does a zombie’s speaking voice sound like? :slight_smile:

I believe “alto” properly refers to a section of a traditional four-part choir (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) and not an individual’s singing voice. There are traditionally six or seven different singing voice types, so they don’t align perfectly with a four-section choir. While a contralto would almost certainly be in the alto section of the choir, mezzo-sopranos might wind up there too, or countertenors if it’s a boy’s/men’s choir.

I hope I didn’t mangle that too badly – I’ve never been in a choir, but I’ve had lots of friends who sang in school or church choirs. Someone with more singing experience can correct me if I’m wrong.

One of the most well-known countertenors today, although a complete unknown at the time this thread was started, is Chris Colfer (“Kurt”) of Glee.