Calluses or blisters? Blisters will be sensitive and full of fluid (could be clear, could be bloody or otherwise icky), calluses are just tough areas. In my experience if a callus tears it doesn’t bleed, there’s just “fresh” skin underneath.
If something tore and it’s bleeding, you definitely want to clean it, disinfect and bandage it, then let it heal as much as practical before beating on it any more. If it was a deep cut or looks infected or inflamed, do yourself a favor and have a doctor check it out asap (getting laid up with a foot injury really sucks). Whatever you do keep it clean and check it morning and night.
I do a lot of hiking and running and things I’ve found that work for me:
-Proper socks - wool blend is my thing, some people like all-synthetic. Skip the cotton. Costco carries very nice Fox River wool walking socks for about $10/four pairs, can’t beat it.
-Sock liners. About $7 for a pair at REI or other outdoors store. These are very thin polypro socks you wear under the regular sock. They wick moisture away which keeps your feet cool and dry and really helps prevent blisters and hotspots (they are slippery so your regular sock slides on them instead of rubbing on your skin).
-Lubricants. You can buy something like “Blister Shield” (a slippery powder, it’s micronized wax and teflon) to sprinkle in your socks or one of the Body Glide products that you rub on to your feet. Available at running stores and REI.
The above are all “prevention”. For first aid:
-Bandaids are kinda iffy (IMHO) on foot injuries if you plan on walking around since they tend to peel off, bunch up, etc. A friend of mine turned me on to “Second Skin” which are adhesive gel pads - REI and running stores carry them and there’s a similar product at any drug store. You clean the wound, disinfect it (a little peroxide, then dry it), dry the area thoroughly and then apply the gel pad. It sticks and will stay on for several days. The first time I used these I had two very severe/infected blood blisters on my feet, I went from hobbling to walking normally. Converted me right there.
-For minor blisters and hotspots that are closed, I use some moisturizer, plain old vaseline or “Corn Husker’s Lotion”, on the affected area before I go to sleep. I wouldn’t put that into an open wound.
Good luck and take care of your tootsies!