Someone asked if there’s a situation that guarantees that a party that lost the popular vote won’t end up as the majority party in the legislature. There is, and it’s called proportional representation.
One variant is used in Spain. Each of its provinces, going by population, is entitled to a certain number of deputies in the Congress. For example, the province (also the autonomous community) of Asturias has 9 seats in Congress; each party, therefore, proposes nine candidates ranked in order.
If in Asturias, the PP gets four-ninths of the vote, PSOE gets one-third, and IE gets the other two-ninths, Asturias elects four PP deputies (the first four on the PP’s list), three PSOE deputies, and two IE deputies.
There are a couple of problems with proportional representation: 1) it obfuscates local concerns - nobody is “your” MP; and 2) since it has the (otherwise good) property of allowing smaller parties to get elected, you often end up with minority governments and shaky coalitions.
Canada badly needs something other than the first-past-the-post system we’ve got now, where the Liberals got 41% of the vote in the last election but 57% of the seats, and the NDP got 8.5% of the vote but 4.3% seats (a neat half of their voting share).
It’s happened before, in the federal election in 1926 in the Manitoba ridings, that the Conservatives got 42% of the votes, by far the majority, and none of the seats. link
I think PR would also cut down on the feeling that your vote isn’t important, and would reduce concerns of vote-splitting that can be so disproportionately harmful to smaller parties.
And since we’ve got this nice big unelected senate sitting around doing nothing, I suggest keeping the House more or less the way it is, and make the Senate PR. I mean, it’s even got 100 seats; we wouldn’t even have to do any math.