Of what plastic are Glocks made?

Besides that, how long before the plastic gasses out and becomes brittle? A long time I suppose, since I still see early generation Glock 17s (1990s) in use.

Polyamide or nylon 6

Technically, it’s “Polymer 2”, a proprietary nylon 6 or nylon 6/6 blend known only to the manufacturer. It’s like the Coke formula. They’re not sharing.
Other polymer firearms are made of Zytel, another nylon 6/6 based thermoplastic owned by DuPont. It should be easier to find information on the DuPont formula than Glock’s.

As for how long they will last? There’s a lot of debate about that. The answer is at least 40 years, since there are still polymer-framed pistols from 40 years ago floating around.
Personally, I think the answer will be measured in lifetimes. It’s not going to degrade faster than you are, that’s for sure.

I am a Glock armorer, but I am certainly not a chemist or polymer engineer. I also used to be a master LE distributor for Glock. So I really only know what they tell me, and what I’ve experienced.

Do they add glass beads or fibre to the plastic? That’s typical for nylon that has to be stiff and resist wear from abrasion.

I’ve not heard any reference to glass beads, but they specifically state there is no glass fiber. The exclusion of glass fiber is intended to increase cold weather performance.

For the non-gun people, keep in mind that entire Glock pistols are not plastic. The barrel, chamber, and most moving parts are metal. On this diagram, part #17 (the frame/grip) and #33 (the magazine case) are the main plastic parts I believe: https://www.eaglegunrangetx.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/glocksplode-1.gif

I’m just about positive AvE did an episode about a Glock. If he did, he almost certainly would have done his best to figure out what it was made of.
ETA, here’s the episode, I just skipped around looking for the spot where he would mention the material. He said PA66 (Nylon), but didn’t seem 100% sure of himself and guessed it may be a blend with something else in it.
FWIW, he ID it by melting a little with a soldering iron and smelling the fumes that came off it. It’s right around the 20 minute mark.