Interesting thread, certainly. Some comments:
The information here about Army chaplain qualifications is incomplete, because the Corps of Chaplains has active-duty spaces available based on the number/percentage of soldiers of that religious preference. The overwhelming quotas are of course Christian Protestant & Catholic, along with Jewish.
It is for this same reason that taxpayer money is spent on Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish facilities on military bases. Atheistic groups such as the Freedom From Religion Foundation have long argued that this violates the Constitutional “no establishment of religion” principle, but are small enough to be politically ignored.
While political pressure and demographics have expanded the COC to include Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism, anything “pagan”, “New Age”, etc. remains out in the cold. The two exclusionary mechanisms are “qualified/recognized religious organization endorsement” and a graduate degree from a similarly-recognized divinity school. While a pagan might manage the second, the first would be a game-ender. See the mechanism here; scroll down to ¶2.11.
The earlier-in-thread-mentioned Religious Requirements and Practices of Certain Selected Groups booklet, first issued in 1978 and revised 1990, stopped short of being official Army policy. It was a reference document for the COC only, provided under contract by Dr. J. Gordon Melton’s very commendable Institute for the Study of American Religion (ISAR), then at U.C. Santa Barbara. It was later discontinued by the Army COC and is of historical interest only today.
The governing religious tolerance policy in the Armed Forces today boils down to DOD Directive 1300-17.
In effect this means that if you have a religion other than the officially government-paid/sponsored ones, you can find your own facilities for it and do it on your own free time. The expectation is off-post, or at least not conspicuous on-post.
There is also the interesting COC statement that its chaplains are expected to minister to the needs of soldiers of all faiths. This gets a little problematic the farther away from conventional Judæo-Christianity you get. Indeed there’s a bit of friction within the J-C mainstream on this issue.
From the other side of the fence, there’s the problem of just how a Wiccan, shamanic, Satanist, Setian, etc. priest/ess could “minister” to, say, a Catholic or fundamentalist Protestant soldier. This all starts to get a bit Monty Python.
If you read the various official COC statements, they’re very noble and good-hearted indeed. But what it all comes down to is that the COC has three actual missions:
(1) Prevent soldiers’ religious principles from getting in the way of the mission. For instance, if someone believes in one of the Ten Commandments that says “Thou Shalt Not Kill”, you have to assure him that it’s OK with God to ignore it if ordered by the government to kill. If a Christian brings up the Golden Rule, you have to get that out of the way too, etc.
(2) Remove or minimize soldiers’ fear of death and afterlife punishment for complying with mission #1 above. Personal combat involves high risk of one’s own life. Strong religious indoctrination is a key psychological device to get soldiers to take this risk; if you’re convinced that God is on your side, is watching over you, and won’t send you to Hell for violating the 10Cs or the GR, you’ll be that much more inclined to take the risk.
(3) Prevent soldiers’ families and loved ones from becoming a problem to accomplishment of the mission [by influencing the soldier not to do it]. This is done by religious programs for families which echo the same messages as #1 & #2 above, and which provide as much consolation as necessary to them to keep them appeased in the event of the soldier’s death.
Spelling out #1/#2/#3 this bluntly may sound cold and Machiavellian, but actually there is nothing here that you can’t conclude for yourself if you reflect on it. The armed forces are “mission”-institutions, and the “mission” determines, drives, and trumps everything else.
So another, and perhaps the most difficult problem that non-mainstream religious individuals and groups face is that they cannot accept this expectation of rationalization or outright hypocrisy in their beliefs or conduct. You may find it impossible to kill someone who has done nothing to harm you or otherwise deserve it. You may have your own ideas about your posthumous immortality or lack of same. And the System isn’t blind: It knows this, and it doesn’t want loose cannons that may jeopardize missions.
So trying to force “nontraditional chaplains” into existence would be just as much a disaster as encouraging “nontraditionalists” to become soldiers.
P.S. In answer to a previous question above, I myself was never an Army chaplain. During my Army career I was a member of the Church of Satan 1969-75 and of the Temple of Set 1975-2006 retirement. My personal coming-to-grips with #1 was the principal reason for my career-specializing in PSYOP, in which you fight battles and win wars without shooting or blowing up anyone. And I am quite secure in the knowledge of the immortality of most of my eight souls. 