Well, almost no mechanical effect. There are still a handful of places it shows up (at least in 5.14; I haven’t read thoroughly through 5.24).
But then again, 5th edition also introduced character bonds, flaws, and ideals, and those don’t have any mechanical effect, either. They’re all just different aspects of ways to describe personality. And there are still some people who choose to play personality types that you don’t want in your game.
The world has plenty of people who are assholes, and many of them are even good people.
I think some of the alignment labels or judgments are overly harsh. People aren’t deities and don’t have absolute alignments. Someone who is regularly trying to help others, willing to sacrifice for others’ good and sincerely acts to better other people’s lives is “Good” even if they philosophically think that most people need structure and law to keep society held together. Knocking someone into the Neutral bin because they don’t perfectly check every box is how you used to get obnoxious Paladin Problems.
(Also, it fits even less in this circumstance as Law-Chaos are on a separate axis from Good-Evil)
I only played Neutral Good characters during my time with it, but if I’m honest with myself and it’s my own skin we’re talking about here, Lawful Neutral is more likely. We live in a world with lots of rules and little danger, but I can imagine many situations where that is not the case at all. So chips down, LN is where my moral compass lies.
I think of “Chaotic” as being pretty opposed to rules and authorities in general. I’m in the middle of a 5E D&D campaign right now, playing in a 3-person party, and we all happen to be Chaotic Good. We break the rules all the time for the greater good, don’t trust the authorities (and for good reason, because they’ve been useless at best for much of this campaign), and while we aren’t straight-up revolutionaries, we value personal freedom highly.
I do agree that alignments mean very little in 5E. But we still like to use them as a very generic guideline for our characters’ philosophies and personalities. You combine that with a character’s background, and that should tell you something about who they are and how you play them.
I’d answer the OP’s question by saying that seems Neutral Good to me. The part about thinking other people should follow the rules is a bit odd, but being wishy-washy in regards to the law is pretty consistent with the “Neutral” part of the Law-Chaos scale, which as @Chronos pointed out is pretty broad.