Yes, I’m a bit baffled by people who say they could have done better if they had studied. It seems like the kind of thing that is impossible to study for, other than learning “global strategies” like how to apply the pigeonhole principle like iamthewalrus(:3= suggested (incidentally, something my adviser emphasized, too).
For those interested in the Putnam’s level of difficult, here’s an example off of this year’s test:
I played with this one for an hour, and got nowhere. Never dealt with the floor function in an analytic way before. My best guess now, after looking on the web a little, is to use the fourier expansion for the floor function somehow.