Veera, a quick overview. There are probably as many variations within Judaism as there are within Christianity: think of the differences between Lutherans, Methodists, Baptists, Seventh Day Adventists, Amish, etc.
Generally speaking, the conservative wing of Judaism is called Orthodox, following the strict letter of Old Testament law (as expounded by rabbis over the last 2,000 years or so.) The liberal win of Judaism is called Reform, rejecting most of the ritual law but maintaining ethics and moral beliefs; Reform Judaism started about 150 years ago. Conservative Judaism (hence Akat’s little pun) is somewhat centrist, accepting some tradition/ritual and reject other.
There are other branches, of course, including Hasidim (who maintain traditional dress and hairstyles from the ghettos of Europe) and Humanist Jews and … And, of course, there is wide individualism – just because two Jews are both Orthodox doesn’t mean they will agree on some of the minor points (like “G-d” or “God”.)
It is largely the Orthodox who use the term “G-d”, the Reform (generally speaking) wouldn’t worry about it. Many modern orthodox however think (as do I) that the restriction on the use of God’s name refers to His four-lettered Hebrew name.
In comparison with Muslims, you will find pretty much the same distinctions between the very traditional and the more modern. Both religions originally professed a set of laws of behaviour that affect everyday life – what to eat, what to wear, how to sit, etc. The traditional wing of the religions (Orthodox Judaism, I’m not sure what the Muslim term is) maintains those belief; modern “branches” or “denominations” tend to be more liberal and less insistent upon ritual behaviours.
Christianity pretty much ignored ritual behaviour, following Paul’s vision on the road to wossname… Although, thru the centuries, there have certainly been bloody battles between Christian denominations over what seem to me to be equally trivial points of interpretation.
No organized religion is immune, it would seem.