Would you consider taking a college-level molecular biology class to further your knowledge in this subject? I think you’ll find the subject enlightening. Here’s a bit of foreshadowing. Read carefully, I get paid to teach this stuff, there’ll be a test at the end: Human haplogroups consist of mostly silent mutations which means there’s a change in a nucleotide but due to the degeneracy (e.g. or, in layman’s terms: redundancy) of the genetic code, there’s no change in the resultant protein (the physical expression of the gene, or the phenotype).
Now, using your example, this means while Europeans and Blacks have a change in nucleotide sequence, there is no change in the final protein. I’ll repeat: there’s no change in the final protein. There are evolutionary examples in which groups carry real, phenotypic changes that are passed down (e.g. Southern Europeans & CCR5 and Sub-saharan Africans & Hemoglobin S) but these were due to infection-induced bottlenecks, and these should be considered the exceptions not the rule.
What you and the peanut gallery fail to see (because your knowledge of genes does not extend past year 1999) is that a phenotype does not emerge due to a genes alone; indeed, traits are an intricate interplay between genes and epigenetics (environment). If you need any proof of this unassailable fact, just look here where the fur coloration of a cat is different from its clone. Further, why do you think that nearly all suicide victims show epigenetic silencing of BDNF? It’s because the genes are responsive to the environment.
The OP is correct. Race does not exist in biology nor in reality. What we perceive as differences in characteristics (e.g. curly hair, narrow noses, full lips, brown skin, etc) are referred to as a specific cline not a race.
- Honesty