This was a bog-standard Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the kind of animal that infests cities and granaries the world over. The article doesn’t mention any special training or breeding, but I doubt the rat had gotten any: The experiment was clearly about how to keep islands free of invading wild rats, hence the common breed.
This is probably the understatement of the year in biological circles:
The rat breed and the long swim make this song seem oddly approrpiate: