I never just run in and post without reading a thread, but I’ll admit I’m doing it here because I’ve devoted a huge amount of time thinking about this issue. I think in descending order of importance:
- 2016 taught, or at least reminded, that politics is tribal. Tribal meaning it’s about projecting that a certain segment of voters, and you (the candidate) are part of the same tribe. When you come to view someone as being part of your tribe, you’re going to vote for them. There have actually been psychological studies that show when someone has a deeply held “tribal” belief, meaning the belief isn’t just a “position” but is wrapped up in how a person defines who they are; that no amount of logic or reason can ever reverse it. In fact, the more logic, more proof, this belief is wrong comes up, the stronger this person’s belief in it. Think climate change and evolution, a swathe of the GOP electorate has “tribal” views on it.
A lot of otherwise good people for example who are Christians simply cannot imagine how you can reconcile Christianity and a belief in evolution by natural selection, so they simply don’t. Even if you’re explaining it to them in a way they intellectually understand, they aren’t going to want to say “Well I accept your argument, but now I’m not a good Christian anymore, so I’m no longer part of my tribe and I’m a bad person.” How does it relate to politics? Basically I posit people exist in these somewhat vaguely defined “tribes”, and these tribes have certain touchstone beliefs that are very, very important to them. A lot of Trump voters ignored a lot of logical things that go very much against their self-interest when they voted for him, but did so because his message told him they were part of his tribe and Hillary wasn’t (and Hillary helped by making it quite clear she wasn’t part of their tribe.) In a tribal context, the argument “this guy is going to hurt your job prospects and your healthcare” still doesn’t compete very well with “this guy is a part of your tribe and this Hillary person isn’t, in fact she hates your tribe and mocks it regularly.”
[There are tribal beliefs on the left, right, and center. Try to talk rationally with a Sanders supporter about how the DNC really didn’t rig the primary election because it’s simply functionally not powerful enough to do that, and they will never listen. Doesn’t matter if you explain to them how the DNC works, what powers it has/doesn’t have, or any of that. Or even if you point out that the primary contests that the DNC historically had the best odds of controlling were caucuses because of how they’re organized, and that’s where Sanders won more than he lost; he primarily lost in primaries especially in the South.]
To go back to my point about people “digging in their heels”, this was exploited by Trump (intentionally or not), with the help of Hillary because she clearly didn’t / doesn’t understand the tribal nature of politics particularly as it relates to the demographic distribution of voters in the United States. I’m going to in detail break this down:
-The basic postulate of the Trump campaign, and he basically came very close at times to openly admitting it, was that Mitt Romney would’ve won the electoral college if he got a bit higher percentage of white voters, particularly throughout the Midwest.
-The basic response was “Mitt Romney won the largest share of white voters since Reagan won in a historic landslide against Walter Mondale, moreover, in 1984 whites were a bigger part of the country so even winning as much as Reagan did in '84 isn’t enough to win.” But no one is going to win that much of the white vote anyway.
-The reality is–Trump did and he could, win such a share of the white vote in the Midwest where he won the Presidency. His campaign frequently stated, and was all but mocked (including by 538, which has retconned its coverage of the election and tried to say they always presented a front which took Trump’s odds of winning seriously, the reality is they largely understimated him until the very very end) for campaigning in states like Pennsylvania (lol no GOP has won there since 1988, dummy.)
-Trump was able to do this because he went all in on “his tribe”, and his theory was if that tribe was big enough in the Midwest, he’d win the Presidency. Observers simply said based on past elections the numbers didn’t work, but they misunderstood how tribalism works and how past candidates operated. Past successful candidates while they may have never understood or said the word “tribalism”, they operated with the concept of “I want votes from as many people as possible.” If you understand what Clinton did in his elections (Bill), and Obama did in his, or even W. Bush in his, they had dual goals: appeal to as many people as possible, and avoid angering as many people as you possibly can. What they’re basically doing is trying to define their tribe as “very very large.” That’s why Obama talked about his Christian faith. That’s why he had an evangelical outreach director. That’s why he campaigned heavily in stretch states like Iowa. That’s why he kept saying “Hope and Change”, hard boiled political writers and myself didn’t like that because it was fluff, but fluff avoids firming tribal lines. It makes it so more people could potentially view you as part of their tribe, and less immediately dismiss you as not part of theirs. Some black writers have complained or at least argued that Obama represents a ‘safe black person’ for whites to vote for. He speaks in a certain way, acts in a certain way, avoids certain contentious racial issues. But what that did was made Obama’s “potential tribe” quite large. He also benefited from a very dedicated tribe of black voters who didn’t want to go down in history as having voted against the first black President.
For Bill Clinton people called this the “bubba effect.” Bill was an Harvard and Oxford educated lawyer and had been in politics for 20 years when he won the Presidency, but he spoke in a certain way, acted in a certain way, avoided certain things, that made it so a large swathe of people could imagine being in a tribe with Bill.
Bush did the same thing with Gore. A lot of people called the Election of 2000 “boring” as it was going on because neither candidate was vigorously staking out diametrically opposite positions. When both candidates are good at creating these large, fuzzy tribal boundaries, a ton of voters are “in play.” And it’s also less likely either candidate alienates so many people that people stay home.
In 2016 Trump abandoned that and said “I’m going so hard after this tribe of whites that I believe will get me to the Presidency, I will never apologize for it, I will never equivocate, and I will play to their base instincts at every turn.” Hillary’s response was “I’m going to basically cast Trump as a dangerous imbecile and make it so no one would dare vote for him.” I think she succeeded in running effectively a campaign that cast Trump as a dangerous imbecile (it helps that frankly, that’s what he is.) But the effects of that campaign didn’t go how she expected. What her attacks did was just firm up a large portion of the right-of-center “tribe” hated Hillary because they felt she was attacking them, not Trump. People who might vote for Trump aren’t just wrong, they’re racists. Idiots. Bigots. Losers. I think she helped Trump’s strategy by making the sides so diametrically opposed, party loyalty is always high in elections, but the few percentages difference can determine the Presidency. Republicans were more loyal to their party than expected with an unpopular and unlikeable candidate like Trump, partly because Hillary did a good job making an entire spectrum of people feel like their tribe was under attack. This caused a thought to coalesce “Trump is bad, but he’s our Chief, and I’m not betraying my tribe”, and those people voted, and they voted where Clinton could least afford to have them vote. She also alienated the true anti-Trump Republicans, who stayed home and didn’t vote at all.
Meanwhile she invested nothing in her side of the house. She did nothing to build up her own tribe, she focused on blasting Trump and his tribe. So not only did she harden resolve to support Trump, she created apathy among swathes of her potential voters, who may have had had questions about her big business ties, emails, etc etc that she ignored to focus on attacking Trump.
I’d argue not only did she do really bad at building up her side–Trump as bad as he was cast as a campaigner spent a lot of actual time talking about his tribe. How he was going to help them. She devoted a lot more time and mind-space to talking about how bad Trump was instead of what she could do for her tribe.
Come election day the demographic mistake set in. If the tribes were evenly distributed, even though Clinton basically helped Trump’s strategy, he’d have lost in a landslide. But they weren’t/aren’t. Something like 60% of the nation’s Hispanic voters for example are concentrated in three states, only one of which is competitive electorally. Meanwhile a quiet but important part of Democratic wins in Ohio/Michigan/Pennsylvania have always been the black population and blue collar whites. Blue collar whites were being appealed to far more effectively by Trump and joined his tribe, and the fence setters were helped off the fence when Hillary’s response was to attack that tribe relentlessly, lots of black voters compared to previous elections stayed home, with historically poor Dem turnout in Democratic strongholds like Detroit. HIllary ran up huge wins in places where her tribe was big, but unlike Bill or Obama she had helped make the borders of her tribe firm and narrower, so she ran right into Trump’s game.
- Part of what helped tribal boundaries firm up is Hillary has been polarizing for a long time. It’s rarely smart to nominate a super polarizing candidate. Trump only won the election because he was polarizing in a way that appealed to a specific white tribe that happened to be very well positioned demographically to create an electoral college win. Pretty much any other Democrat with national exposure who would have ran a more Obama or Bill style campaign would’ve appealed to a lot more people, and siphoned off some Trump voters who were on the fences until the lines got hard, and brought back apathetic Dems who felt they weren’t part of Hillary’s tribe and which she did nothing to appeal to really.
The reality is Hillary wasn’t a great candidate intrinsically because she was so polarizing; if she had ran a more broad campaign I think she’d have still won, but the Dems really would’ve done better to run someone with broader appeal and smaller dislike. Sanders is himself pretty polarizing but I’d argue even less so than Clinton. The reality is a choice between a guy who really is a fringe thinker like Sanders and a disliked establishment figure like Clinton is a poor choice to begin with. Sanders did so well in the primary because Clinton was so bad a choice. Sanders would be the Dennis Kucinich of 2016 if better Democrats had ran. But the problem is, I struggle to name any better Democrats. The Dems as a party have a leadership “drought”, due to basically controlling few governorships (a traditional source of Presidential candidates) and a systemic problem where top Dem leadership hangs on too long (Pelosi) and deny other Dems the national platform they need. By 2020 the Dems need to find a way to have cultivated a lot of leadership.
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President Obama forgot politics is an ugly sport. He should’ve done something to control Comey, who was permitted to have an unconscionable, undemocratic impact on the election. The timing of anything related to the email stuff should’ve been managed from the White House–in an open, honest process. I’m not saying Obama should’ve been corrupt and squashed the investigation, but he had an obligation to his party and his country to have done more to push it to a final conclusion months and months before it happened, and to have been more involved. The results of that investigation were too important for the election for the President to give so much power to a guy like Comey, who has no special writ of impartiality, he’s a political appointee and acted like one.
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The relatively surprising showing from Dems in recent special elections in Kansas and Georgia suggest Democrats probably should have been trying harder, through the DCCC, to campaign in higher education level “red” districts all along, I think the Dems response to the Tea Party movement has been to basically throw their hands up and abandon large swathes of the country that used to sometimes vote Democrat. I don’t think the Dems have an easy road here, but they’ve made it harder by basically not fighting. The GOP seems more adept at fighting in tough districts while Dems appear to have gone down a weird spiral where they just focus more and more on playing to things that are only strengths in ultra blue, high-density districts.