Redness & no bruising - but sometimesno redness

“Fuel”'s query on bruising was quite helpful. I learned about the different arteries, the capillaries being closest to the surface, and how layers of fat vs. muscle, hardness of the simpact, etc. pla a part.

This is a corollary, then, as I hae a few unanswered questions. First, why do my hands not become red when I clap? Is it the thickness of the skin? While I have never been slapped, it seems that a slap o the cheek will usually leave a little redness - if it’s hard enough. But, it doesn’t always leave a bruise. Is it just that there’s not that much blood around there to leak? I guess the same would be true of the bottom of a Dennis the Menace or Calvin fromt he comics? Or, would a spanked bottom not even be red with mild slaps, but only with hard ones?

For that matter, what matter is the bottom - is it all muscle, or is it fat, to?o? How much would it take to make one of those red - or does it depend on strength and number of slaps. Is a bottom usually red at the same time it’s owner is saddle sore from a day of riding horseback, even though the bouncing is light?