My physics teacher would never have let me get away with saying “weights” when I really meant masses. Be that as it may, while working out at the gym today, I was wondering how the various bits of the body compare in mass - if we were to split up, let’s say, into legs, arms, torso and head, what would be the approximate proportions for the average human?
I’m assuming moderately fit, not obese or bulked up, and I assume it would vary between men and women, but is there some sort of average estimate I can work with here?
An adult, human head weighs about 10 pounds.
Not mass, but area, but maybe it will help. The Rule of Nines is used in treating burn patients. It does a pretty good job of breaking the surface area into roughly equal parts.
When I was working on Biomechanics, I learned that the Federal Government had funded several studies on this topic, performing several ghoulish experiments were corpses were frozen and carefully sawed into plates, which were then weighed. As a result, there are reports listing body part masses, moments of inertia, and radii of gyration, along with regression formulas that allow them to calculate such properties of living people without having to cut them into similar frozen bits.
One report is by Wilfred Dempster, another by Clauser McConville, and Yung. You can also look at the Stapp Car Crash Conferences for similar results.
Title: Properties of body segments based on size and weight Supported in part by research grants from the Public Health Service National Institutes of Health (GM-07741-06), and from the office of Vocational Rehabilitation (RD-216 60-C), with support a dozen years earlier from a research contract with the Anthropometric Unit of the Wright Air Development Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio (AF 18 (600)-43 Project no. 7414).
Authors: Dempster, W. T. (Wilfrid Taylor)
Gaughran, George R. L.
Issue Date: Jan-1967
Publisher: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Citation: Dempster, Wilfrid Taylor; Gaughran, George R. L. (1967).“Properties of body segments based on size and weight Supported in part by research grants from the Public Health Service National Institutes of Health (GM-07741-06), and from the office of Vocational Rehabilitation (RD-216 60-C), with support a dozen years earlier from a research contract with the Anthropometric Unit of the Wright Air Development Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio (AF 18 (600)-43 Project no. 7414). .” American Journal of Anatomy 120(1): 33-54. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/49638> ;
Abstract: Values are presented for body constants based on a study of nine male white cadavers of normal appearance and average build. The limb data are supplemented by a further analysis of 11 upper and 41 lower limbs. Techniques used in the study form standard procedures that can be duplicated by subsequent workers. Each cadaver was measured, weighed, and somatotyped. Joints were placed in the midposition of the movement range and the body was frozen rigid. Joint angles were bisected in a systematic dismemberment procedure to produce unit segments. These segment lengths were weighed, measured for linear link dimensions, and analysed for segment volumes. The segment centers of mass were located relative to link end points as well as in relation to anatomical landmarks. Finally, each segment was dissected into its component parts and these were weighed. The specific gravity of each body part was calculated separately. Data are expressed in mean values together with standard deviations and, where available, are correlated and evaluated with other values in the literature.
ISSN: 0002-9106
1553-0795
DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001200104
Appears in Collections: Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/49638
See also:
Title : SPACE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SEATED OPERATOR, GEOMETRICAL, KINEMATIC, AND MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF THE BODY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LIMBS
Corporate Author : MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING
Personal Author(s) : DEMPSTER,WILFRED TAYLOR
Report Date : JUL 1955
Pagination or Media Count : 254
Descriptors : *COCKPITS, ANTHROPOMETRY, ARMS, HUMAN BODY, HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING, LEGS, MOTION, PILOTS
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0087892
http://www.dh.aist.go.jp/bodyDB/m/e-k-15.html
For Clauser et al:
Investigation into the mass distribution properties of the human body and its segments
Ints Kaleps; Charles E. Clauser; Joseph W. Young; Richard F. Chandler; Gregory F. Zehner; John T. McConville
Ergonomics, 1366-5847, Volume 27, Issue 12, 1984, Pages 1225 – 1237
Taylor & Francis publishes knowledge and specialty research spanning humanities, social sciences, science and technology, engineering, medicine and healthcare.
Accession Number : ADA016485
Title : Investigation of Inertial Properties of the Human Body
Descriptive Note : Final rept. Apr 1972-Dec 1974
Corporate Author : AIR FORCE AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
Personal Author(s) : Chandler, R. F. ; Clauser, C. E. ; McConville, J. T. ; Reynolds, H. M. ; Young, J. W.
Handle / proxy Url : http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA016485 Check NTIS Availability…
Report Date : MAR 1975
Pagination or Media Count : 171
Abstract : Knowledge of the anthropometric parameters of the human body is essential for understanding of human kinetics and particularly for the design and testing of impact protective systems. Considerable information is available on the size, weight and center of mass of the body and its segments. This report supplements existing information with data regarding mass distribution characteristics of the human body as described by the principal moments of inertia and their orientation to body and segment anthropometry. The weight, center of mass location and principal moments of inertia of six cadavers were measured, the cadavers were then segmented and the mass, center of mass, moments of inertia and volume were measured on the fourteen segments from each cadaver. Standard and three-dimensional anthropometry of the body and segments was also determined.
Descriptors : *INERTIA, *BIOMECHANICS, *ANTHROPOMETRY, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, HUMANS, MASS, HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING, IMPACT SHOCK, PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Subject Categories : STRESS PHYSIOLOGY
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA016485
This page gives actual regression data, if yyou want to figure it out on yourself:
http://www.dh.aist.go.jp/bodyDB/m/table/e-k-01_v_table.html
Body segment parameters )01)Weight,volume and center of mass of segments of the human body
Reference
Weight,volume and center of mass of segments of the human body
Journal
AMRL technical report TR-69-70(1969)
Author
C.E.Clauser
Item
M COG V
State
Cadaver
Sample number
13
Sex
Male
Age
24-78
Measurement year
?
Race
Caucasian
Measurement place
USA
Measurement technique
Cadaver segmentation
Raw data accesibility
△
Segment volume
The following table shows regression coefficients.
Note:Weight in kg, volume in liters, body fat in mm, all other dimensions in cm.
Ex.)
Thigh volume(liters)
=-3.76+0.073×Weight(kg)+0.106×Upper Thigh Circunference(cm)+0.039×Iliac Crest (Fat)(mm)
That’s from memory, aided by Google Scholar, from 30 years ago. Pretty good, huh?