Back when I was first learning to play them (1980’s, or 40 years ago) in general yes, there was a strong conservative bent. It was by no means universal, but there was a definite group that wanted to keep it strictly to those who were Scottish by descent, handing the music down father to son. Very much to son - I ran into more than one old guy who was FURIOUS that not only were women being taught to play but having the audacity to play in public. (Heh. YOU try to find a place to practice those “discreetly” or even “in secret” without half the neighborhood knowing someone is playing bagpipes.) The problem, of course, is that this results in the practice slowly dying out. It didn’t help the same crowd wanted to keep things absolutely the same without any changes or modernization, which didn’t help either. Honestly, I’ve met Amish people more open to new technology than those old geezers. Bands run by those sorts didn’t have to consider the questions about costuming women because they simply didn’t allow women into their groups. In their mind playing bagpipes was something MEN did, not women, and certainly not anyone with pretensions of being a lady.
Out of necessity, I was with people more open-minded (being a woman not of Scottish descent). They did exist, and they were growing in number. Because they saw the clothes they performed in as costumes they didn’t have a problem with women wearing men’s kilts. They also did things like having an African-American bass drummer (Fort Dearborn band). Outside of “bagpipe bands” performing in parades, you also had other people incorporating bagpipes into more modern music - “fusion”, jazz, a sort of pop/folk genre, and so on.
These days, you have some people doing some very innovative music with the Highland bagpipes that is anything but traditional. Some of them are women. Some went the other way to even older influences and are now performing in wrapped rather than sewn-pleats kilts and shirts optional. Body paint and/or tattoos optional. They may be looking back to older traditions but the current playing/performing they’re doing is a lot looser with fewer rules. The old geezers who’d get apoplectic at the notion I was wearing a men’s kilt and performing in public have all, literally, died off from old age and we don’t have to listen to their whining any more.
So yes, there is a conservative element but they don’t hold the sway they used to. There is still a very old-fashioned/conservative type of playing for those who fancy it, just as there are still people performing “classical music” in symphonies, but while they’re mostly performing within those constraints a lot of people performing look different than a couple generations ago, and outside of those formal performances they can often be seen playing in a looser and more modern manner. Likewise, a lot of the modern pipers doing cross-genre stuff still respect the older traditions and can perform the older, more constrained music when they want to. They just don’t feel as bound by it as their grandparents.
For the record - I still have the men’s kilt I used to perform in, and I still have the lady’s kilt I was married in. As someone who has worn both while there is a certain superficial similarity they hang differently on the body and feel different when you wear them. Sort of the difference between rugged male work pants and the clinging, soft stretchy yoga pants that are seen as feminine attire in our culture. The men’s kilt is intended for men’s bodies, they don’t fit women the same way. Women’s kilts fit women’s waists and hips better, and they aren’t as heavy (literally - there is a noticeable weight difference). Add in differences in accessories such as belts and sporrans and it’s even more pronounced (“sporran” is Gaelic for purse - women wearing women’s kilts will carry purses, but men will be VERY insistent when speaking English that they are wearing sporrans because “purse” is so gendered in our culture).