Okay, here goes: I’ll start by saying all comic characters have their ups and downs, and there are plenty of Surfer issues (especially into the 90’s) which are just godawful. I also don’t think it is useful to try to separate the character from the comics in which he appears. But that being said…
The definitive Surfer (IMHO) was volume 3, beginning in 1987. It ran for almost 150 issues, although the quality drops off somewhere after issue 75. The stories are not up to modern standards, but they are very representative of the 1980’s writing style.
Many of these stories are noteworthy because they include or introduce key characters in the modern MCU. Nebula, Mantis, and Drax all had very important appearances. And that’s not even getting started on Thanos… The Surfer is THE central character of the original Infinity Gauntlet storyline.
In terms of design, the Surfer is sleek and minimalist. His board doesn’t even resemble a surfboard, really. The Surfer lends himself to some beautiful artwork as artists try to render his mirror-finish skin, and it’s very neat to see space battles where the colors of their energy beams are reflecting off of him. The best artists emphasize the Surfer’s incredible speed and power. He stands in sharp contrast to other superhero’s who wear garish costumes, especially given that at the time of publication the industry was increasingly dominated by Liefeld-ism. The rest of the comics world was emphasizing grotesque exaggeration and overcomplicated design. In the hands of a skilled artist, every panel of the Surfer is a study in anatomy.
Plus, it’s just fun to live in this lunatic world where people fly around space shooting ray-beams out of their hands. The Surfer exists at the top tier of powerful Marvel characters, so the stories are full of things like Galactus eating worlds, or the Celestials throwing planets at people they don’t like. If you enjoy superhero comics at a mind-boggling scale, this is the book for you.
From a character perspective, the Surfer is the comic that Sartre would have written. At its best, it becomes a study in existentialism and angst. The Surfer’s power makes him a demigod, but once he is free in the cosmos and unchained from Galactus, what is he supposed to do with himself? The Surfer’s search for meaning is the core of his character. He is easily the most philosophical superhero in Marvel or DC. I suspect Sartre would shake his head at how often the Surfer’s path leads him to cross paths with Galactus, as it demonstrates a man struggling to free himself from his past and his perceived place in the universe - even though the Surfer has the power to do literally anything he pleases.
The supreme example of this is ‘Requiem’ (2008) which imagines the Surfer at the end of his life. If you read nothing else, READ THIS BOOK. It follows the Surfer through several poignant scenes as he tries to create meaning and exert control over his last days. The art is magnificent and it has the best (admittedly post-hoc) explanation for the Surfer’s surfboard.
I will mention one other volume which is a very different take on the Surfer but still very much worth reading. Volume 5 (2014) is a cartoony, comedic take on the Surfer. It revolves around his relationship with a human girl named Dawn who wants to escape her life and see the universe. It is not an action-oriented space opera like V2, but rather an outer-space Rom-Com with a ‘Futurama’ sense of humor. Nonetheless, it continues the theme of searching for - and creating - meaning for one’s self and the ones we love. It’s silly but still superior, and only like 15 issues long.
These are the best of the Surfer’s own titles. He also makes significant appearances in stories like ‘Annihilation,’ and ‘Planet Hulk.’ I hope you give them a shot, because they are definitely worth reading.