When I worked in food service, it was stressed to us to never leave food in the danger zone for more than 4 hours. I see the CDC now recommends 2 hours. This makes sense since the site says bacteria can double in number in as little as 20 minutes. So, yeah, 10 1/2 hours is definitely far too long to leave something at room temperature. Especially since the soup was never heated in the first place. OP, if you’re still with us, I hope you got rid of the soup.
Even a large pot is problematic. The soup can be much cooler where it contacts the pot and where it’s exposed to the air on top. Rapid cooling is the safest way to keep cooked foods. Volume is a hindrance to cooling unless you greatly increase the cooling surface area with a pot much larger than what it contains. And leaving a pot to cool at room temperature is a problem no matter what the surface area is.
If it was simply broth than the analogy to water might be more appropriate, but soup contains solids that will cool at a different rate than the broth making things worse. The number of factors involved is large and varying which is why rapid immediate cooling is the safest way to keep cooked foods.
ETA: Watery soups are very easy to cool, make them with minimal water and just add ice when it’s done, then put the soup in the refrigerator.
I have found soup to be pretty bad about spoiling quickly. Not sure why but I left some in the crockpot overnight and by morning it was bubbling on its own and smelled like crap.
Since this is a health issue, let’s move this to IMHO.
Colibri
General Questions Moderator
This happened to a pot roast my dad left in the oven after dinner. Bubbling on its own.
if the soup is really valuable then pick the lest valuable family member to test a bowl. i’m assuming you have good health insurance and that person could spend some time in the hospital.
or you could just throw it out.
Cooking and drinking don’t mix!
It’s pretty nearly an ideal growth medium for bacteria. Protein dispersed in a warm, wet environment.
We must be related. This is the first solution anyone in my family would suggest. Thanks for my first laugh of the morning. 
I’ve had food poisoning - throw the soup out. It’s not worth the risk.
Normally, I err on the side of “soup is delicious, I don’t care what the Food Police have to say…”
This time, I’m saying, “throw it out”. It wasn’t particularly safe when you ate the first bowl. Now it might need to be classified as Hazardous Waste.
Compare your soup to the ingredientsfor making bacterial culture broth here: http://www.genomics.agilent.com/files/Mobio/Media_Bacterial_Culture_Media.pdf Note that “yeast extract” is basically protein, vitamins and minerals, same as ground beef, beans and vegetables.
Really folks, if you can’t afford some fresh food let me know and I’ll send you some. Otherwise just don’t eat stuff that was left out overnight.
I can’t afford cheesecake. Will you please send me some?