Tell me about Taekwondo and Kali

I’m writing a story with a character who takes taekwondo, and I need some specifics. I’ve looked at a few websites that describe the history, etc., but I need to know what exactly happens in classes, especially at high levels.

How would a normal class proceed? How many times a week should you attend class/practice to maintain, say, a competition level of fitness? At what point in your training would you be able to take out a person armed with a knife? How many years of training would this take?

As for kali, is there anyone here who practices it? I’d like to know the answers to the above questions for this martial art too.

I know about Kali the Hindu goddess, but that’s about it.

Okay . . . firstly I’ll go with the caveat that this is all in my experience. Others may differ; it’s like going to school. Lots of people go to high school; they often do very different things.

When I started out as a no-belt (hadn’t gotten my white yet), I went to practice between two and five times a week, depending on what I had time for and what my parents had time for. Each practice was around an hour long, and we were told that it was good to get to practice early so’s we could stretch and such. That part didn’t change. As I advanced in belts I’d say I started going once or twice a week more, so that I was about up to four or so nights a week.

Practice went like this when I was up into the higher-belts under black (and up through black):

  1. Bow to instructor and flags, firstly. Then stretch for ten or fifteen minutes. Sometimes this was preceded or replaced with a few (5-10) laps around the room, which was itself about . . . 40 feet by 80 or so feet.

  2. 25-50 punches in horseback-riding stance. Take a look at someone riding a horse and you’ll get a good idea of how the lower body looks. If you still need help I can try to take a picture of myself in it this weekend, but no promises. Those punches, by the way, take less than a minute. Still. If you want to go for a “this will impress readers” bit, I can time myself doing X punches.

  3. Going up and down the dojo (practice room) doing things like back-hook kicks, tornado kicks (both axe and roundhouse), and various combinations (I can give you a list of moves if you want; it won’t be total, but it’ll give you a good idea of the number of things you learn in two years).

  4. Sparring once a week or so, in pads (which are another topic I’ll address below).

  5. Occasional work with the “punching bag”. Think flying sidekicks, tornado kicks and other show-off moves.

  6. Practicing forms (you have to memorize them to get to the next belt level), one-step sparring (think . . . brief choreographed move. VERY brief), and whatever kicking combination you have to know for the next belt level.

  7. News, information, updates and such.

Now, all this is subject to some flexibility. For example, right after I advanced in belts, instead of practicing my form I’d be learning it. Same with the one-step sparring and kicking combinations. The one thing we didn’t practice were the blue-book answers (there was a book of most of the forms, some basic history and terminology questions, and the one-step sparring and kicking combinations), which were a less integral part of the testing for belt advancement.

As far as taking out someone with a knife . . . youch. That really, truly depends on the person. And the person with the knife:-) I’d say that right now, with two years of training under my belt from several years ago, I’d be able to handle the AVERAGE person with a knife. If said person is instructed in the art of using one they most likely already know how I’m going (to try) to take it away. Here’s how I’d do it, though, assuming the person’s right-handed:

  1. Put your nondominant hand on their knife-weilding wrist, grabbing it partly at the wrist and partly at the forearm. This is the prevent them from swinging it around at you. And yes, you’ll have to hold on hard.

  2. Take your dominant hand and place it on their elbow. Now push slightly down and away from you with hand 1 and up and away with hand 2. By this time you’re either stabbed them in the shoulder, they’ve dropped the knife, or they curled it back up. Here’s where it gets important:

  3. Keep pushing. Step into it. If you’ve done it right you’re putting a fair amount of pressure on their shoulder and this is causing some amount of imbalance. They’ll stagger and fall down if it’s done right. If you want to get ultra fancy you can put your left foot behind their right foot and trip them more quickly.

This is a move/series of moves I learned over a year into my training. Initially it was designed for someone who’s punching you, but any stabbing motion will do. If they have a motion that’s sweeping side-to-side … ::digging through his back o’ tricks:: here you rely on speed more than anything else. You either want to time it so that you can hit their arm as it’s going away from you or block their arm and stun them. In either case you want to start hitting or such fairly soon, to take advantage of a stunned knifeperson. Horseback riding stance and a few punches to the gut or solar plexus (chest) should do it. Or you just grab their wrist and do as I told above.

I can’t, off the top of my head, think of any movie where this is done. But it is rather simple once you have it down. Looks hard but it’s remarkably easy.

Did I miss anything?

That’s a pretty accurate desciption. Things will vary slightly of course. My 5th Dan instructor had a real passion for patterns and so we would often concentrate on those more.

I was very much interested in the competetion aspect of things until I hit green tag and so would train at least 4 times a week . After a while though I found it more satisfying not to treat TKD as a sport but rather a tool for staying fit and developing a real confidence in the level of control I could achieve over my body. I cut down to 2/3 times a week but would take more classes with juniors when I was coming up for a grading.

As regards the knife question:
First up gotta say I’m terribly dissapointed that most people immediatly associate a martial art of any kind with disarming , damaging and/or kicking the crap out of someone.There is so much more to it than that.

That said: Punha’s technique will serve the prurpose nicely.
General rule of thumb is to shut down the space between you and attacker as quickly and effectivly as possible. Controlling the amount of space the guy has to execute any stabbing (or more likely slashing) motion is key.

Never taken it, but I am somewhat familiar with it. It is primarily a weapon focused art, as in the use of weapons. It is related to Silat, Arnis and Escrima since it comes from the same region of the world, Indonesia. The classes run a bit differently then your typical karate or TKD class since the focus is on the actual use of weapons, so lots and lots and lots of drills. Less kata, if any, and obviously not much sparring.

High level classes tend to run like lower level classes except there is more intensity, speed, power and difficulty. Some schools tend to do away with some of the formality, like bowing in. Higher rank classes tend to have more talking since the people involved have the ability to help each other out since they all have the ability to spot errors and weaknesses in their partners technique.

My normal class, when I was teaching, would depend on the day of the week but here is the template.

  1. Bow while entering the training area
  2. Assemble in lines into a box shape. Highest ranks on the outside, lowest on the inside (this is so lower ranks always have a higher rank to see no matter which way they are facing)
  3. Bow to the front in respect to the instructors and the founder, perform a second bow for respect to each student
  4. Stretching and other warm up exercises, for example push ups (10 minutes)
  5. One of the following
    a) Exercise night. Various cardio and strength related exercises (20 minutes) followed by quick drills, the focus being speed and power (30 minutes).
    b) Drills night. Punches, kicks, just about any technique. (30 minutes). Application (20 minutes).
    c) Sparring night. Sparring. (50 minutes)
    d) Scenario night. Scenario based training (50 minutes).
    e) Kata night. Forms (40 minutes). Burn out drills, very fast very hard (10 minutes).
  6. Form into the box from #2
  7. Bow in respect to your students, perform a second bow for respect to the instructors and the founder.
  8. Proceed out in lines shaking the hands of the instructors on the way out.

This really depends on what level of competition. To be competitive locally then it depends on the local competition but you would need to train (this doesn’t necessarily mean coming to class) easily 4-5 times a week to be very successful. At a national level you would definitely need to be doing some kind of training nearly everyday.

Most people attend a martial arts class between 2-4 times week, but most people aren’t really prepared for a very competitive competition.

That’s easy. Never. It is the height of idiocy for somebody to think that they can take out a person with a knife with a great deal of consistency when they themselves are unarmed. Yes, I know, I can hear the cries of protest now “But I have done it 1000 times in the dojo.” In the dojo is different then on the street. It all depends on the person and the all important mindset.

If you want a believable answer (i.e. something that the reader will expect and accept) for the purposes of your book, I would go with three years, the person’s rank would be somewhere between 3rd and 1st Kyu. Depending the school this would give them a either a brown or red belt in all likelihood.

Just gotta chime in here to say that I have a YELLOW belt in Tae-Kwon-Do,[sup]the correct pronunciation of “Tae” is /tie/, as in “neck-tie”[/sup] earned here in Korea, from a fairly famous teacher (who often shook his head in disgust and, I suspect, gave me the yellow belt out of pity).

Gotta second the others: classes vary a LOT depending on your teacher and your level/physical shape. In my case, about half the classes revolved around simple calesthenics and stretching… but we were all newbies to exercise in ANY form! The other half of our beginner classes focused on form. Punches, blocks, kicks, etc. More than once, my teacher had to take a time out to regain his composure after watching me and my foreigner friends fumble through a series of moves…

But, I DO have the dreaded yellow belt! Note to all: do NOT piss me off! I’d hate to have to open a can o’ whup-ass on ya! I will if I am forced to…

Do not taunt Astroboy! Do not open Pit rants about the assinine things that he writes! Send him money as a bribe to keep his wrath in check (Oh, by the way, I don’t take personal checks! Cash, travellor’s check, or money orders only, please!)! :smiley:

I’ll let you know when I move up to the next belt… woe be unto the heretics then! I belive that when you receive the next level (green? blue? I’m not sure!), you are set free to roam the Earth righting wrongs and saving damsels in distress.

As far as disarming an opponent with a knife: Duh! Pull a gun on him! :rolleyes: Sheesh! I gotta think of everything?

Thanks, all. I think that’s all I’ll need. I’m not getting too in-depth, but the character discovers something about herself during a class, and I need to set up a background for it.

Not to start any fights, but Damhna said:

My, you are quick with the assumptions aren’t you? My character gets attacked in a parking lot. Why shouldn’t she used what she’s learned to get away?

In the interests of not starting a fight …

Your character never learned to carry Mace?
Whats she doing in a parking lot without her man anyway?
Some kinda hooker?

Proper girl be at home making dinner in between making babies.

Woman taking classes…sheeesh she’ll be driving next.

I did say most people, I didnt say [/obligitary disclaimer] because most people will know from my previous postings in Martial Arts threads that I take this approach all the time. Its expected of me now.

[Obligitary Apology]

I did assume. Unreserved Apologies.

[/obligitary Apology]

If your character is finding something out about herself during the class then the inclusion of the Martial Arts aspect is obviously not simply for the purpose I feared.

Good luck with the book.

This statement is very common, but untrue. It’s like saying “No, I’m not a killing machine, I only joined the Army to pay for school!”

Honor, loyalty, discipline, sportsmanship, etc are all very fine qualities that all people should learn. And martial arts are a great way to learn them, BUT they are secondary. The primary objective of martial art training is to learn how better to deliver damage to your opponent while sustaining less damage yourself.

Don’t misunderstand, I’m not saying this is bad by any means. I’m only saying you should call a spade a spade, so to speak. Martial artists aren’t all members of a warm-fuzziness club. They are people who are trained in methods of causing injury to other people.

Also, Damhna, the OP didn’t ask for you to expound your reasons why the charaacter shouldn’t have needed to defend himself/herself against an armed assailant. Only the technicalities involved once it needs to be done.

That said, I tend to agree with what Glitch said. Disarming somebody with a knife, especially if they have the slightest clue of how to use it properly, is a very dangerous proposition. It’s possible to get injured severely even just by accident by a wild wave of the hand holding the blade. I’d recommend you don’t make it sound easy in the story. In real life, it’s really hard.

I agree with Dahma on this one, FWIW. There is a lot more to martial arts than flashy moves and such. When you get sufficiently high in rank that becomes glaringly obvious. The higher belts aren’t really concerned with being able to take out fifteen people with a tornado-axe kick. It becomes less and less “Look what I can do” and more . . . just being at peace with things, as clichéd as that sounds. Opinions and experiences will differ, of course. This is my experience with people of higher rank and in several schools (and, indeed, martial arts).

"Honor, loyalty, discipline, sportsmanship, etc are all very fine qualities that all people should learn. And martial arts are a great way to learn them, BUT they are secondary. The primary objective of martial art training is to learn how better to deliver damage to your opponent while sustaining less damage yourself."

I’d say it depends on the person/school/martial art. When I joined it was because I was getting the crap kicked out of me at school. After about a year (and six belts), I realized that yeah, I was getting decent at fighting, but the mentality behind stuff was so much cooler.

Beside that, this school stressed honor, loyalty, etc. If I’d ever attacked another student, hoo boy would shit have flown.

The primary objective of martial arts training really depends on the person/school/art. But as far as I have seen in dealing with people in higher belts and people in lower belts, the lower ones want to be able to do some move or be able to hold their own in a fight. The higher ones are more into the philosophy/camaraderie and history behind it.

"Don’t misunderstand, I’m not saying this is bad by any means. I’m only saying you should call a spade a spade, so to speak. Martial artists aren’t all members of a warm-fuzziness club. They are people who are trained in methods of causing injury to other people."

Yes, but that doesn’t mean that’s the primary reason for going. When I was a brown belt (decently close to black), for example, I cared more about learning (and not just forms and kicks and such) than I did about how many ways I could kick the crap out of someone. Yes, I was learning how to beat people up, but that was an after-effect of the instruction, so to speak. We were learning how to use our bodies; we learned about pressure points and how to do X thing without hurting yourself. It wasn’t nearly all about, for example, eighteen ways to break someone’s nose with your left hand.

"That said, I tend to agree with what Glitch said. Disarming somebody with a knife, especially if they have the slightest clue of how to use it properly, is a very dangerous proposition."

Very true. And the average person is probably going to have some semblance of how to use a knife. But if we’re talking about someone who’s had training specific to this sort of thing, then we can assume a level of competency with which it is reasonably safe (inasmuch as disarming someone when one is unarmed is safe) to do this.

For example, in two years of training, going to practice roughly four times a week, four hours a week total, I’d say I learned skills sufficient to handle myself in most average situations. Were I to go up against someone with a knife who had above-basic tutelage, yes, it would be challenging. But then, as you go up in belt ranks (and this is something I’d forgotten about earlier, Suo Na), you learn both how to use weapons and how to defend against them. So if your Tae Kwon Do character were, say, a 2nd degree black belt (which in my school would be black with a white stripe down the middle), it would be entirely fair to assume intermediate skills with and against hand-held weaponry.

"It’s possible to get injured severely even just by accident by a wild wave of the hand holding the blade. I’d recommend you don’t make it sound easy in the story. In real life, it’s really hard."

You will notice, I hope, that what I described didn’t sound easy. It wasn’t easy to put into words. It’s easy for me to do, but only because I practiced it for a long time and against several different scenarios, so to speak.

However, the margin of error in what I described in my earlier post is not that high. In fact, it’s fairly low. But if you’re skilled enough it is quite possible to do. And that’s not even accounting for someone who is accurate enough with their feet (which a higher-belt would be) to kick the knife out very quickly. I knew 2nd and 3rd degrees who could do that.

However, pepperspray might be slightly more believable. Opinions will differ. Bear in mind that I have used that technique I described in my earlier post against people with weapons in either hand, and of varying strengths and sizes. So long as the person opposing me wasn’t substantially taller, it wasn’t a problem. But you have to be quick with it because part of the appeal is that it’s like “What the hell is this? Ohshit!” People aren’t expecting that kind of move.

::pants::

*Originally posted by iampunha *
I agree with Dahma on this one, FWIW. There is a lot more to martial arts than flashy moves and such. When you get sufficiently high in rank that becomes glaringly obvious. The higher belts aren’t really concerned with being able to take out fifteen people with a tornado-axe kick. It becomes less and less “Look what I can do” and more . . . just being at peace with things, as clichéd as that sounds. Opinions and experiences will differ, of course. This is my experience with people of higher rank and in several schools (and, indeed, martial arts).

I know what you’re saying, and I agree with the values you mention. But no matter what other effects you’re after, at its roots, you are learning to hurt people. Granted, when you know how better to hurt somebody, you also place higher value on NOT hurting them, but that’s really beside the point. If you want to “find zen,” you can do it in anything you do as a hobby. But the hobby is not changed by what you’re hoping to get out of it. If your source of zen is building model airplanes, great! But you’ll still get really good at building airplanes and won’t learn anything about fighting. If your source of zen is fixing cars, you might become one with the universe, but you will still learn how to fix cars.

It wasn’t nearly all about, for example, eighteen ways to break someone’s nose with your left hand.

Haha. I didn’t say that either. For the record, I think one way is good enough. :wink:

…And the average person is probably going to have some semblance of how to use a knife. But if we’re talking about someone who’s had training specific to this sort of thing, then we can assume a level of competency with which it is reasonably safe (inasmuch as disarming someone when one is unarmed is safe) to do this.

I wouldn’t run from somebody (depending on the circumstances, of course) just because they had a knife, but I definitely would sweat. To be honest, I’d rather go against somebody who had a gun than a knife.

You will notice, I hope, that what I described didn’t sound easy. It wasn’t easy to put into words. It’s easy for me to do, but only because I practiced it for a long time and against several different scenarios, so to speak.

I mean no offense by saying this. I doubt you’d be able to pull it off effectively in real life. I adhere more to the cause-enough-damage-that-they’re-not-able-to-keep-attacking school of thought. If someone attacks me with a blade, I figure they’ve forfeited their claims for mercy or measured response. The rules change when your life is on the line.

For what it’s worth, if I had to do something, I’d try one of: 1) break/hyperextend a knee so the attacker can’t stand (if you can’t stand, you can’t fight), hoping to avoid the knife altogether; 2) crush the attacker’s throat (if you can’t breathe, you also can’t fight); or 3) hyperextend the elbow of the arm wielding the knife, rather than try to trap it or get them to drop it.

Your chances are best if you’re willing to make the first move decisively (assuming both parties are reasonably experienced). This is because it takes about 1/10th of a second to strike within arm’s reach, and at least 1/4 sec for the brain to register a stimulus. So if you strike first and hard, you can hit the throat (preferably, since it’s a single, direct movement at a central target) before the opponent has a chance to react.

But again, no matter how many times you do it flawlessly in the dojo, you have to go in prepared to be cut, and cut badly. There are no supermen in real life. Real fights aren’t like Steven Seagal movies.

But no matter what other effects you’re after, at its roots, you are learning to hurt people.

Among other things. However, that is by no means the primary effect of martial arts. And here’s something that will tell you how important killing people is to Tae Kwon Do, from The History of Tae Kwon Do. The eleven commandments of Tae Kwon Do:

Loyalty to your country
Respect your parents
Faithfulness to your spouse
Respect your brothers and sisters
Loyalty your friends
Respect your elders
Respect your teachers
Never take life unjustly
Indomitable spirit
Loyalty to your school
Finish what you begin

I wouldn’t run from somebody (depending on the circumstances, of course) just because they had a knife, but I definitely would sweat.

I’m not saying you shouldn’t. Fear gives one a heightened sense of self-awareness and awareness of one’s surroundings. Heck, I’d be worried if someone’s blood didn’t start going fast (unless said person is Bruce Lee or such:)).

I mean no offense by saying this. I doubt you’d be able to pull it off effectively in real life.

Ah, but you see, I have.

I adhere more to the cause-enough-damage-that-they’re-not-able-to-keep-attacking school of thought.

Right. And after you’ve done that wrist thing you can start pummeling the shit out of the person, or simply give them a nice heel-of-the-palm strike to the nose and send them on their (un)merry way.

For what it’s worth, if I had to do something, I’d try one of: 1) break/hyperextend a knee so the attacker can’t stand (if you can’t stand, you can’t fight),

They can still go on one foot, and you have to really know what you’re doing to do this effectively (and not, consequently, mash your foot something fierce). I was never, FWIW, taught how to do this properly in my two years of training. So it’s probably something that comes in another martial art or higher up in training.

crush the attacker’s throat (if you can’t breathe, you also can’t fight);

If you reach in to do that, you’re going to get sliced. And even while you have your hand in there you’ve opened yourself up to attack. And I will mention again that while I was in training I didn’t learn how to do this effectively. I don’t know at what point I would have learned it.

The move I described in my first post to this thread takes, all told, less than a second when done properly. It looks rather flashy, admittedly. But it does work. And it works well enough that I’ve used it with great success, despite what you may otherwise believe.

Suo Na, how many years of training is this character being given? That might give us a better idea of what we’re looking at.

I have studied a form of arnis which, as Glitch pointed out, is related to kali. The lessons were quite different from the Kenpo lessons I took in the same place. The Kenpo lessons placed a great deal of emphasis on forms and precise techniques, while the arnis was considerably more free-form–in fact, we only worked with one form, to which we added complexity as we progressed.

The primary difference, though, was in the fluidity of the arnis style (the style was influenced by both aikido and kung-fu). Where the Kenpo style emphasized blocks and strikes, arnis emphasized deflection and evasion…then striking, preferably with your opponent’s own weapon if you started out unarmed.

Generally, the class proceeded rather like this:

  1. Free form warm-up, stretch, and workout before class–we were a very informal school, and our teachers knew that we knew what to do. Our warmups included aerobics, calisthenics, weights, shadow-boxing, and bag work.
  2. Form a line and bow in.
  3. Pair up. If there were an odd number of students present, the instructor paired off with the most advanced.
  4. Review any specific material from the last class–particularly useful disarms, certain dance-like drills like double-cane sinawali (a very aerobic, weaving, ducking dance of parries and counterstrikes), and anything else that needed reinforcement.
  5. The instructor would pick a student to demonstrate something new. He would demonstrate slowly, then 3/4 speed, then full speed, accompanied by explanations of all the movements and why they worked. (The man could freeze with one foot six inches over his own head, and explain why it was there.) He often picked another student, as different as possible from the first, to demonstrate the different application of the technique to different body types (he frequently used my string-bean best friend and my heft self for this).
  6. Everyone would return to their pair to practice the new material, switching around periodically so that everyone got to try it on everyone else.
  7. Posting drills. This was fun, if painful (<crack of a club on knuckles or skull> “Welcome to arnis!”) and exhausting. Everyone took a turn as the poster, who stood in the middle of a circle of all the students and any handy instructor, all armed with canes or blunted knives. The idea is that if you’re outnumbered, you don’t wait for your opponents to move–you pick one to get by, so you can run (or at least get your back to a wall). The poster picked someone in the circle and advanced; his target attacked as he came in. The poster’s job was to get by his target and disarm him if possible. Then he would to the same with another target–jumping him from outside the circle if he could get away from him. People in the circle were free to sneak up on you and clobber you from behind, particularly if you didn’t keep moving. This went on until the poster was panting, bruised, and weak in the knees (usually around 5 minutes), then it was someone else’s turn. Once everyone had a turn as poster, we started over, this time with the poster unarmed–if he wanted a weapon, he had to take it away from someone. Taking a weapon and keeping it through the whole drill usually brought a word of praise (more precious than gold) from our instructor, as did clever improvisations–particularly if you surprised him with a move from another style.
  8. Reform a line and bow out.
  9. Cool down.

Um. OK, so I really liked posting drills.

Now to address the scenario presented by the OP–empty-handed student (not just “unarmed”–even a purse can be useful in a fight) confronted by a knife-wielding assailant–in order of preferred actions.

  1. Run away. Really. If you fight someone with a knife, you must assume that you will get cut, probably badly. Knives are fast, dangerous on all sides (unlike a gun), and possibly the hardest kind of weapon to take away from someone.

  2. If flight is not feasible–you’re cornered, or you know beyond doubt that you can’t outrun him, wait for him to make the first move. Arnis is very much a counter-fighter’s art. If you’re really lucky, he might lose his nerve and go away. That’s much better than fighting, even if he flees in your own car.

  3. If he attacks, the variables explode. The questions include “How is he holding the knife?”, “Is he cutting or stabbing?”, “Which hand holds the blade?”, and “At what angle is the blade coming in?”

  4. Let’s assume that he’s holding the blade straight, not icepick-style, in his right hand, and is slashing at the face or throat. The simplest maneuver that springs to mind (hence, the one I’d probably use) is to parry his arm at the forearm with my right hand, slide my hand down to check his wrist, then release as I repeat the motion with my left–this time gripping his wrist (this all happens at once, in a kind of scissoring movement). Then I would duck under his temporarily immobilized arm and twist to face him from behind while threading my right arm through the crook of his elbow so that my hand reaches just over his shoulder. <snapshot>This places me behind him, with his knife hand pressed up between his shoulderblades in a modified arm bar, and my arm through the crook of his elbow like a lever, with his shoulder as the fulcrum. My left leg is checking (pressed against/holding in place) his right knee, so he can’t kick or stomp me.</snapshot> I then press up harder on the arm bar and use the leverage to force him to the ground, where I can kneel on him until he passes out for lack of air (told you I was hefty :wink: ). Increased pressure can also be applied to make him drop the knife.

Now, all of step 4 should take place in well under a second. Your opponent should be on his knees before he even realizes that you’re behind him. I’m quick (though not fast), and have practiced this very sequence hundreds of times against other quick people who were very sincerely trying to hit me hard (“Pain is the best teacher.”) My chances of at least partially pulling it off, unprepared in a dark parking lot, are pretty good against an untrained or moderately skilled opponent. My chances of doing so without getting cut are pretty &@#% slim, though. If I executed the move more-or-less properly, the cuts would most likely be on the back of my forearm, where they won’t be as dangerous.

I’ve practiced the technique punha described, too–it’s good, but I’m not as comfortable with it. I like to get behind an opponent, offset behind his shoulder–that puts me mostly out of range of his free hand and leg. A lot of arnis is about neutralizing an opponent’s weapons (“Defang the snake, arniseros.”) I also agree with him about guns–at close range, a gun is much easier to deal with than a knife. If it’s not pointed at you, a gun is just an awkwardly shaped club. The same technique could be used for a gun, the difference being that at the end, the assailant has a pistol aimed at the back of his neck.