Usually they mean a little more than that; there’s usually a fair push to change the mentality as well- stuff like managing to metrics, six-sigma, streamlining, etc… Some of it makes sense, but it’s not universally pertinent.
Like I was saying in a different thread, procurement rules often hamstring governments from being ‘run like a business’. In particular the whole idea that you have to put it out to bid screws IT departments like nobody’s business. Rather than defining your problem, evaluating software packages, and then deciding on the best one, you often have to define your problem and then try to define guardrails that will ensure that the solution of whoever bids lowest will actually meet your needs. Companies don’t do this- they get demos, and they get pilots, and they don’t contract for years on end.
The flip side is that often the procurement process can work for government workers instead of against them; for example since starting work for a municipal government, I’ve noticed that a lot of creature-comfort type things are much better in government offices than in private companies. We have better pens, better chairs, better computers, etc… and they do stuff like clean the carpets more often, etc… This, I believe, is because private companies have to pay for that stuff directly- someone sees a year-end line for “carpet cleaning” and pitches a shit-fit. Government just bakes that into the budget every so often, and the carpets get cleaned.
There’s also a different mentality among the rank and file. In my experience most private company workers are always working with a level of fear and avarice- fear that they’ll lose their job, and avarice that they’ll get rewarded. Government doesn’t really have either- people don’t get fired easily, but nor is there much difference in rewards either. So motivation is different; lots of people do their jobs, but with a recognition that without the fear of being fired or lust for rewards, they have the freedom to go home at 5, or go to their kids’ performances, or go to the doctor or whatever without having to sweat worrying how that’ll affect their job. And they can to some degree not put up with BS from the public either, if it comes to that- they can send people who didn’t fill out the right forms away, and the fact that those people are pissed doesn’t matter- there’s no alternative.
So work gets done, but in a more measured, more employee-centric kind of way. Personally it’s refreshing; I HATED the fear/greed motivators at private companies- yeah, people get stuff done, but it’s a horrid environment for your employees’ health and mental state.