Do not make decisions when tired or hungry.
Bob should sleep on it.
Then decide.
I don’t feel qualified to judge Bob whichever action he decides to take. I would think it’s more logical to keep mum, though, since it’d create a lot of extra work defending the US once the world finds out about this.
It’s a pity the Trident was destroyed—assuming it’s capabilities weren’t fully tested yet, or were only used for destructive purposes (not that opposed in principle to superweapons, mind). If it could create or “ignite” volcanos, it’s possible it might have been able to non-destructively “terraform” areas to support producing geothermal power. Cheap, and clean.
See? I’m not always all about heartless, genocidal mad schemes. 
First: Bob needs to pig out on some Brown Betty.
Second: He should have a long, long night’s sleep.
Third: Eat a healthy, protein filled breakfast so he won’t accidentally destroy humanity because his blood sugar dropped: I suggest a few soft boiled eggs and toast.
Fourth: Call the journalist back, and tell him everything - making sure he emphasizes the fact that all involved are being dealt with. This is because
- Someone’s going to figure it out eventually, and cover-ups always worsen the issue;
- The people across the world who’ve lost loved ones deserve to know why they really died (admittedly, this is the weakest one, but still);
- Most importantly, how did the US get into this situation in the first place? The cabal was a symptom of the underlying disease of extreme corruption, and we citizens need to be able to start fixing some serious issues. If not, this whole thing will repeat itself.
ISTM that if Bob can go to the asteroid belt to drop off the Trident, he can go there to retrieve it. The President has got to go, and he has to do it with a public confession that he did not have control of the government. We might need mass resignations down through the line of succession to where the Postmaster General moves into the White House*, but the power structure that SHOULD HAVE been there to stop the cabal must be held to account for their individual and collective failures. The recovered Trident can be Bob’s hole card to enforce an ultimatum to this effect.
*Yes, I know the PMG is neither a cabinet member nor in the line of succession. That was a joke.
I’d start making some demands of the government, after securing the Trident and sleeping for a week:
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They will give up some kind of fall guy(s). Someone has to go down for Penelope’s death. Paint the folks who did it as a lone cabal, only loosely connected to the Administration. That way he can tell the story AND not do too much damage to the government (because really, what will that solve?). People will suffer if the whole story comes out, but people also have a right to know.
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The Trident and the warehouse are Bob’s. He gets a list of what’s in there and who knows about it-nothing and no one enters and leaves without his say-so. he can even have an international panel watch him secure the Trident where no one can get to it again.
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Free pizza for life, and a scholarship in Penelope’s name.
"Well, yes I killed a bunch of people, in cold blood, for my own personal gain.
But if you tell the cops about it, they’ll come after me, and there might be a gunfight and an innocent person might get hurt.
So, really, the moral thing for you to do is to just shut up and let me go scot free. I mean, I just pinkie-swore scouts honor that I won’t do it again. Soon, anyway. "