Regarding AA, it’s not a cut and dry question, as the organization is diverse, and deliberately vague. But there is no doubt that AA is a religious organization, and that it’s programs do push a particular view, regardless of how vague, on desperate people.
So while non-believers can certainly prosper with AA, it’s only by ignoring or heavily re-interpreting many of the traditions, practices, and writings from the founders. There is a great deal of condescension towards non-believers out there among AA proponents (especially the more dogmatic ones).
For instance, the Big Book is not exactly nice or tolerant when it comes to atheists, agnostics, or skeptics. It has an entire chapter (“We Agnostics”) that, whether intentional or not, basically insults and demeans its subjects. In fact, it basically threatens death if you don’t accept it’s idea of spiritual experience.
Some exerpts
“To one who feels he is an atheist or agnostic such an experience seems impossible, but to continue as he is means disaster … To be doomed to an alcoholic death or to live on a spiritual basis are not always easy alternatives to face.” (p. 44)
“But after a while we had to face the fact that we must find a spiritual basis of life – or else. Perhaps it is going to be that way with you. But cheer up, something like half of us thought we were atheists or agnostics.” (p. 44)
“If you think you are an atheist, an agnostic, a skeptic, or have any other form of intellectual pride which keeps you from accepting what is in this book, I feel sorry for you.” (p. 181)
Frankly, I’m not too concerned about all of this though. If there is a spiritual-based program that helps people give up drinking, that’s GREAT. If it has to insult non-believers: well, we’re used to it, and most of us can cope.
My real problem with AA is 1) that state courts have often treated it as if it were appropriate place to order non-believing alcoholoics without giving them any non-religious options (thus taking advantage of people at their lowest), and AA tolerates this 2) that its recovery philosophy, which is very shakily supported, is widely assumed to be true, and has come to dominate most recovery efforts despite a very low rate of success compared to other movements, crowding out other promising approaches.
AA’s concept of powerlessness works for some people. But for many other people, it seems to be highly counter-productive, virtually promising a relapse. If you think about how people have different personality types, that different approaches work for different people isn’t that surprising. But AA’s approach, as I said, has crowded out all others to the point where many people, including medical professionals, simply have never heard of anything else. People like Stanton Peele have raised seriosu issues about the scientific validity of many of the claims and dogma sayings of AA.