Time between infection and contagious stage

What is the shortest time between when a person is exposed to COVID-19 and becomes contagious? My sister developed symptoms and tested positive on a Friday. At least three people had dinner with her two days prior (Wednesday) and definitely caught the virus from her, so she was contagious at that point. She went to a doctor’s office Wednesday morning for a rapid test, and said people were crammed in the waiting room, some of whom had COVID symptoms. Could she have caught COVID Wednesday morning and been contagious 12 hours later? She is not aware of anyone that she came in contact with in the week prior also coming down with it, so her source of infection is a bit of a mystery.