Until 1969, US Supreme Court Justices used to be on dollar bills. In the summer of 1969, America stopped distributing $10,000, $5,000, $1,000, and $500 bills. On the $10,000 bill was a portrait of Abraham Lincoln’s Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Salmon P. Chase. On the $500 bill was a photo of John Marshall, one of the court’s most notable Chief Justices.
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Salmon P. Chase, Republican of Ohio, was appointed Chief Justice by President Abraham Lincoln in late 1864. Chase is the man responsible for successfully urging Congress to change his title, and that of his successors, from Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to Chief Justice of the United States. John G. Roberts, appointed by President George W. Bush in 2005, is the latest person to hold the modified title.
Salmon Chase began his political career as a member of the Whig Party, and later was the leader of the Liberty Party in Ohio. He then led the effort to combine the Liberty Party with the Van Buren Democrats of New York to form the Free Soil Party. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1850 as a member of the Free Soil Party.
During his service in the Senate, he became a leader to create a national party to replace the Whig Party. His efforts helped to found the Republican Party on March 20, 1854; Chase was elected Republican Governor of Ohio in 1856. He was then again elected to the Senate in 1860 as a Republican, but served just two days before resigning to become Secretary of the Treasury under Abraham Lincoln. He served in this position until 1864, when Lincoln nominated him for Chief Justice, replacing the recently deceased Roger Taney. He served as Chief Justice from 1864 until his death in 1873.
While serving in the Lincoln Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase spent much of late 1863 and early 1864 angling to replace Lincoln as the Republican nominee for President in 1864, writing dozens of letters to friends and potential supporters. Lincoln knew of this but kept him on until Chase offered one of his many resignation letters in protest at what he saw as White House interference in his running of the Treasury. Lincoln accepted the letter of resignation but purposefully left the Chief Justiceship open, knowing Chase wanted it, until after the election in November 1864 to see how helpful Chase would be to his campaign. Chase campaigned hard for Lincoln’s reelection once it became clear that he, Chase, would not get the GOP nomination. Lincoln, once reelected, nominated Chase for the Chief Justiceship, and he was duly confirmed.
I saw Lincoln’s one-page handwritten nomination of Chase in a historical display a few years ago at the Supreme Court building in Washington.
Salmon appears to have been a popular name for 19th century Supreme Court justices.
In 1888, Prime Minister Macdonald appointed Christopher Salmon Patterson to the Supreme Court of Canada.
Patterson was mainly notable for his huge muttonchop whiskers.
Each year, Salmon experience a period of rapid growth, often in summer, and one of slower growth, normally in winter. This results in ring formation around an earbone called the otolith, which is analogous to the growth rings visible in a tree trunk. Freshwater growth shows as densely crowded rings, sea growth as widely spaced rings.
Salmon is by far the biggest food export from Scotland. In 2014, it beat confectionery to become the UK’s biggest food export.
Demand for salmon is led by the EU, which imported 35,000 tons of Scottish salmon last year, and the US, which imported nearly 26,000 tons. Beijing first allowed imports of Scottish salmon in 2011. In 2016, more than 11,000 tons were exported to the Far East.
While the UK has less than a tenth of global production, Scotland offers a premium product, at about 10% above the world price. Scottish salmon is typically fed better quality feed, and farming can be less intensive - fewer fish in a cage mean they swim further, and develop more muscle.
The five major Pacific salmon in the US are each known by two names:
King (chinook)
Sockeye (red)
Coho (silver)
Pink (humpback)
Chum (dog)
Chinook winds are found in the interior West of North America, where the Canadian Prairies and Great Plains meet various mountain ranges, although the original usage is in reference to wet, warm coastal winds in the Pacific Northwest. The name comes from the Chinook people, who lived near the ocean, along the lower Columbia River.
The United Kingdom has not had a king since 1952, when Queen Elizabeth II’s father, King George VI, died. If her son Charles keeps his first name as his regnal name, he will be King Charles III. If his eldest son keeps his first name upon taking the throne, he will be King William V.
ETA: The Canadian Prairies are obviously part of Canada, of which Elizabeth II is also queen.
The Prairie School style of architectural design was developed in the late 19th and early 20th century, and took inspiration from the Arts and Crafts Movement. Frank Lloyd Wright was the the most well-known Prairie School architect, though practitioners of the style at the time apparently did not, themselves, generally use the term Prairie School.
Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote the book series, Little House on the Prairie, based on her childhood and adolescence in Wisconsin, Kansas, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Missouri in the late 1800s.
She has a crater on Venus named after her: List of craters on Venus - Wikipedia.
Venus Flytrap is a character on the television situation comedy WKRP in Cincinnati, which was on TV from 1978–1982. The character, played by the actor Tim Ried, was the evening and early night-time disc jockey at WKRP.
Almanzo Wilder is best known to us as Laura Ingalls Wilder’s husband, but to the inhabitants of the town of De Smet in the Dakota territory he was remembered as the young man who saved the town from starvation, when he and a friend braved harsh winter conditions, set off across the prairie in search of a hidden store of wheat, and returned victorious.
Wilder explains his unusual name in one of the books of the series: “My folks have got a notion there always has to be an Almanzo in the family, because 'way back in the time of the Crusades there was a Wilder went to them, and an Arab or somebody saved his life. El Manzoor, the name was. They changed it after a while in England …”
On the TV series his character was played by Dean Butler.
Actress Melissa Gilbert first started playing the role of Laura Ingalls Wilder on the Little House on the Prairie TV series when she was 10 years old. Her son born in 1995, Michael Garrett Boxleitner, was named in honor of Michael Landon.
Actors Melissa Gilbert and Bruce Boxleitner were married from 1995 until 2011. During the time of their marriage, Boxleitner was starring as Captain John Sheridan on the science fiction TV series Babylon 5; Gilbert guest-starred on the series as Captain Sheridan’s wife, Anna Sheridan.
Philip Henry Sheridan (1831 – 1888) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War. In 1864, he defeated Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley and his destruction of the economic infrastructure of the Valley, called “The Burning” by residents, was one of the first uses of scorched earth tactics in the war. In 1865, his cavalry pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee and was instrumental in forcing his surrender at Appomattox.
In later years, both as a soldier and private citizen, Sheridan was instrumental in the development and protection of Yellowstone National Park. In 1888 he was promoted to the rank of General of the Army during the term of President Grover Cleveland.
Sheridan, Wyoming, the county seat of Sheridan County, was named after General Philip Sheridan. General Sheridan was at many fierce battles between US Cavalry and the Sioux, Cheyenne and Crow Indian tribes.
In October 1984, Queen Elizabeth II visited Sheridan WY and stayed at Canyon Ranch as a guest of Wyoming state Senator Malcolm Wallop, the brother of lifetime friend Lady Porchester whose husband, George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon, was the queen’s godson. It was mostly unpublicized until local reports of the Queen shopping at local stores caused international media outlets to hound the area. Coverage drastically intensified the following day with the Brighton hotel bombing, a nearly successful assassination attempt on Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and reports of the Queen’s impromptu call with President Ronald Reagan to discuss the matter.
The Wallops Flight Facility, located on Wallops Island in eastern Virginia, is operated by the Goddard Space Flight Center (a NASA laboratory). The Wallops Flight Facility hosts numerous rocket launches (both orbital and sub-orbital), as well as scientific and research balloon flights.
Jamestown VA was the first English settlement in the US and it was also the first capital of Virginia.