Many animals have consciousness. It’s true that no other animal has a language that’s anything like human language–but then, no other animal has a nose that’s anything like an elephant’s nose. Dogs can and do make decisions, and one of the best ways to calm a dog in an animal shelter is to give it some simple decisions that it can make (e.g., put a platform in the cage, so that the dog can choose whether to sit on the platform or under the platform). Many, many animals change their environment–the theory of ecological succession is predicated on this ability of organisms. (For a simple exmaple, look at coral). You’re right that no other creature can intentionally change its environment on a macro scale.
Dogs bury bones, and then later they go out and get the bones from the spot where they buried them, even if they are unable to perceive visually or olfactorily evidence of the bone’s burial. Surely that points to an ability to think about the past? A dog wags its tail by the door, anticipating that the owner will take it for a walk; what explanation for this behavior is better than hypothesizing that the dog is thinking about the future, when it will be outside and taking a walk?
Agreed; that’s why I say that a simple lesson in biology won’t require a person to support animal rights. (And FTR, I’m using the term to refer to folks like Tom Reagan, who have comprehensive philosophies in which animal rights are central and who are traditionally referred to as supporters of animal rights). However, I’ll also point out that, while the differences between humans an dflatworms behaviorally are very deep, the differences between humans and bonobos are much, much less deep.
I apologize for this blow-by-blow response to your post; everything above is my suggestion that the differences between humans and our closer nonhuman relatives are not as monumental as you suggest (although they certainly exist–language being the best example of a qualitative difference).
However, if you respond to only one thing in this post, I’d appreciate its being this question:
What is the true reality of human-animal relations?
Daniel
