US J-1 visa question

I’m about to apply for a J-1 (exchange visitor) visa for a research job in the US. I hadn’t looked into it as well as I should have and hadn’t realized this clause:

[quote]
A former exchange visitor may not be issued an immigrant, fiancé(e), temporary worker or intracompany transferee visa until he/she has resided and been physically present in the country of his/her nationality or last residence for at least two years following the termination of exchange visitor status if one or more of the following conditions applies:
[ul][li]The program was financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, by an agency of the United States government or by the country of exchange visitor’s nationality or last residence…[/ul][/li][/quote]

My funding will come from the National Research Council which is “part of the National Academies … private nonprofit institutions that provide science, technology and health policy advice under a congressional charter.” Am I likely to be bound by the 2-year requirement, or will the word “private” in the description save me? And how strictly is this clause enforced? I’ve seen references to various exemptions on the web but nothing that looks official.

I realize I need to contact a more authoritative source than the SDMB but I can’t do that till Monday.

I guess I should have investigated further on my own before asking… I found that
[ul]
[li]As a NRC research fellow, I most likely will be bound by the 2-year residency requirement[/li][li]The residency requirement waiver is explained here[/li][/ul]
So I’ll just have to make myself valuable in my project, which was the plan all along :smiley: so nothing has changed. I would still be interested in any advice or testimonials, or any info about just how difficult it is in practice to obtain that waiver.

And I still don’t understand why this reuirement is even there. My grant is a standard resarch grant, not an international exchange program. If anything, you’d think they’d rather have me stay in the US and use the experience I gained during that fellowship.

Glad to hear that potential problem cleared itself up, scr4. You’re going to Huntsville, right? When are you scheduled to leave?

Waivers of the home country residency requirement, if the requirement is based on government funding, are difficult to get. It’s by no means a rubber stamp, even if you later repay the money, and even if your home country government gives you a “No Objection” letter. I’ll try to dig up some case law a bit later.

However, one thing to keep in mind is that you don’t have to do the 2 years all at one shot. My ex came up with a creative solution: he is an academic, so his schedule is more flexible than most people’s. He went back home for a year, and then made the rest of the 2 years up in various chunks while back in the U.S. on a different J-1, which wasn’t subject to the home country residency requirement. (This can also work for a couple of other visa categories, such as O-1.)

As for the rationale: I don’t know your nationality, but the main reasoning for the home country residency requirement is diplomatic: it prevents brain drain. Lots of countries who have a need for certain skill sets are annoyed when all their best and brightest leave permanently for the U.S.

Eva Luna, Immigration Paralegal

P.S. Is there any reason you couldn’t get a different class of visa than J-1? If you’re a student, an F-1, or an H-1B if the position requires at least a bachelor’s degree in specific field?

When does your program start? The H-1B quota has run out for fiscal 2004, so no new H-1Bs will be available until Oct. 1, but you can apply starting April 1, which you should; given how quickly this year’s quota was used up, it’s entirely possible that all of next year’s will be accounted for by the time the fiscal year begins. And the chances of the quota being increased in an election year with a weak economy ain’t great.

P.P.S. What are you going to be doing in Huntsville? An old H.S. buddy of mine lives there and works in missile propulsion systems.

Thanks Eva, I was hoping you would reply, though I must say I’m rather distressed by your answer. Yes, apparently my residency requirement will be based on the fact that my research will be funded by the US government. If I’d been more aware of this I would have been more careful to choose a non-government postdoc position… (I did read the clause but for some reason it didn’t register in my brain :o :frowning: )

One of the grounds for granting a waiver is:

Do you (or anyone else) know how often this is granted? I will be working at a NASA facility on a space project but I don’t know if that’s anywhere close to being considered “vital.” If my chances are close to nil, I may need to look into whether any of my other potential job offers are still good…

It’s a postdoctoral research grant, but the grant specifically says:

Since an immigrant visa is not something I can just go out and get, it’s either that or find another job. (Which may not be out of the question - if government-funded projects at universities don’t count, I have a couple of potential leads, although that means more delays.)

As for when my program starts, I’m already cutting it close since there were some delays in getting my Ph.D. :o I’m supposed to be there in two months.

Cool! My research job is at Marshall Space Flight Center and I’ll be working on space-based astronomical instruments.

It’s rather embarrassing how little thought I’ve put into this, but I had a hard enough time finishing my thesis…

We really don’t do too many of these here, but I’ll poke a round a bit later and see what I can find in the case law.

A couple of sample cases for you (unfortunately most of these decisions are never published):

65 No. 14 Interpreter Releases 379

[snip]

“If an exchange alien is considered to be governmentally financed and a U.S. government agency would like him or her to remain in the country, it is up to the USIA to recommend a waiver of the two-year foreign residency requirement. In making such determination, the USIA takes into consideration foreign policy concerns. Recently the PRC has taken steps to drastically reduce the number of students going abroad, especially to the U.S., and is “encouraging” many currently abroad to return to China. According to Mr. Fruchterman, these actions are a policy concern that the USIA must take into account in deciding on a waiver. USIA has so far declined to make a favorable recommendation for PRC students even if there is an interested U.S. Government agency. Such an unfavorable recommendation goes automatically to the USIA Waiver Review Board. Significantly, however, the Board has sustained USIA recommendations more than 90 percent of the time.
USIA’s Waiver Review Board. AILA believes that USIA should abandon its current practice of denying waivers with the general statement that “program, policy and foreign aspects” of the case outweigh the basis upon which the waiver application is based, and instead explain the specific grounds upon which the denial is based. Mr. Fruchterman replied that the USIA is not going to change this practice because it has been found to be sufficient in the courts. He does not believe that USIA is required by law to go beyond the established procedures for waiver denials. He did say, however, that apart from Chinese cases there will be a general relaxation in USIA’s actions in hardship cases.”

This is, of course, not on point for your situation, as I am guessing you a) are not Chinese, and b) you aren’t talking about a hardship waiver. (Also, USIA doesn’t exist anymore, but its waiver functions have been absrobed by the State Dept.: here’s their FAQ on waivers: http://travel.state.gov/j_faq.html)
Then there’s 64 No. 20 INTERREL 623:

[snip]

“The U.S. Information Agency (USIA) has reinstituted a “de minimis” rule for granting waivers of the two-year home residency requirement of INA §212(e). The policy is set forth in a memorandum dated September 25, 1986 from C. Normand Poirier, then USIA Deputy General Counsel, to Richard L. Fruchterman, Assistant General Counsel of the USIA…As background, INA §212(e) requires J-1 exchange visitors to return home for two years if their exchange has been funded by the U.S. or a foreign government… The statute allows a waiver of that requirement under certain circumstances, but delegates wide discretion to the USIA to determine whether a waiver should be granted… in 1975, the USIA established a de minimis rule for considering waivers of the two-year foreign residency requirement. Under this policy, the USIA would normally recommend a waiver for a J-1 exchange visitor on a Fulbright travel grant if the amount of the grant was less than $2,000. “

I’m guessing you are getting more than $2,000 in government funding, and this provision appears to apply only to Fulbright travel grants anyway, so this isn’t on point either. Sorry I haven’t found anything more on point, but I just wanted to give you an idea of the considerations and level of legalistic nitpickiness involved.

Thank you for the information, Eva! You’re right I’m not a Chinese citizen (I’m Japanese) and I’ll be getting quite a bit more than $2000, but nevertheless it gives me some idea of what it’s about.

Ahyway thinking more about it, it seems unrealistic to give up this grant at this point. If I’m going to use a J-1 visa anyway, do you think there’s anything to be gained from talking to an immigration lawyer now rather than when I’m ready to submit my waiver request?

It couldn’t hurt to talk to someone, but if you do, make sure that person has significant experience with J-1 waiver cases. Employment-based immigration law is a relatively small (and quite messy) specialty within immigration law, and J-1 waivers even more so.

How comfortable do you feel talking to the people who manage the postdoc program about it? They may be sympathetic to your issue, especially if they think they might want to keep you afterward. And they’ve probably seen this come up before.