How all can domesticated animals be used to provide food. Offhand I can think of
Meat
Milk
Blood
Used to power farm equiptment
Used to hunt (dogs)
fertilizer from their droppings
Are there other ways they can provide food, are domesticated animals be used as bait to trap prey?
How about honey, which is essentially bee barf?
Eggs, of course.
You could have your pigs sniff out truffles until they’re old, then smoke them for hams.
You could trade your mink pelts for those forgotten eggs. Chinchillas, too!
Raise mice to sell to snake breeders and spend the cash in the drive-thru at McD’s?
When the rendering’s done, there’s nothing left but the oink.
Eggs? Is that covered under “meat”?
No.
Horses transport, pigeons carry messages.
Leather
Feathers (remarkably important in some times and places)
Companionship
Don’t forget to keep the guts - useful for sausages.
I would recommend keeping the stomach lining of any sheep you have, but I’m not sure ig haggis qualifies as food. 
Certain kinds of stomach linings also provide useful chemical action for making foods like cheese and junket. And then there’s gelatin in bones.
I believe that what the OP is trying to get at is all the ways in which domestic animals provide food, either directly (meat, milk, etc.) or indirectily (power farm equipment, fertilizer, hunting for game). I don’t think he was asking about all possible uses of domestic animals.
Sorry, I got carried away while stroking my bird.
There are other animal-product fertilizers besides manure - bone meal, for example. And I don’t know if anybody mentioned bait.
Does protecting food count? Dogs chasing away deer, cats eating mice, etc.
While the kid eating the paste usually isn’t eating hide glue…
"My cat’s breath smells like cat food. "