The obvious ones are things like
not enough fruits or vegetables
not enough fiber
However what about other deficiencies like vitamins and minerals? It is my understanding that magnesium, copper and zinc deficiencies are typical in the western diet. So are omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies. What other deficiency does the typical westerner suffer from? We also suffer from an excess of some things like sugar, trans fats and saturated fats.
This is interesting to me because it reminds me of something I saw on PBS about how giving vitamin A to impovrished children in the third world cut their risks of dying from childhood diseases. The idea that westerners may also suffer from deficiencies (but not on the scale as people in the third world) that threaten our health is interesting because they are dying from measles due to having a weakened immune system w/o enough vitamin A and we are getting heart disease from not having enough omega-3 fatty acids.