ftg, I never said you said Xerox invented the mouse. However, when I used to work for them, they had these self-congratulatory signs saying “ooh, we invented the mouse, ooh, we invented the fax machine, ooh, ooh, ooh, look at us!” I was referring to the first statement on those propaganda signs, saying they had invented the mouse and the GUI. No, they were the first to implement it, at PARC.
Anyway, having done much research on the Xerox Star, it’s really a shame it went over like a lead zeppelin, because from what I’ve seen, it looks like it might have been a real contender.
Apple didn’t steal from Xerox, and Micro$oft didn’t steal from Apple. The GUI is an intuitive concept, and I believe would have happened anyway. There’s still speculation over who got to PARC first - Apple or Microsoft. Different web sites present different accounts of the whole thing. The Lisa wasn’t originally going to have a GUI, but that was changed after Apple’s PARC visit.
There are many differences between the Xerox GUI and the Lisa/Mac GUI. From what I’ve read (correct me if I’m wrong, and I’m sure you will if I am), there was no drag-and-drop in the Xerox GUI. The three-button mouse was deemed too complicated by Apple, and therefore was replaced by a one-button mouse. (I still hold that a two-button mouse is optimal, with a scrolling wheel. Who wants to hold down the control key to get a context-sensitive pop-up menu when you can just use the right mouse button? Interestingly enough, Xerox DocuTech copiers - well they’re more than copiers - still use the old three-button mouse.)
IMO, Xerox should have been more foreward-thinking. When their patent on photocopiers expired (late 70s?) they should have pushed forward moreso than they did. The Star could have saved them, if they could have reduced the price tag. But, as I’ve read, this was a company whose modus operandi was based on paper documents, and their reluctance to move to a paperless office is understandable.
Finally, the laser printer as we now know it wouldn’t have flown unless a (then) small company now known as Adobe hadn’t come up with the PostScript language. Remember the days of sticking font cartidges in an old HP laser printer? PostScript changed all that.