[QUOTE=Malthus]
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In the case of Canada, both of these factors point strongly towards winter sports. Canadians love hockey, skiing and the like; they do not by and large love the summer athletics as much.
While it is true that Canada has summer sports, and so more opportunity than Australians to compete in such sports, the national focus is not on them.
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But the imbalance is in fact worse than that (for Canada in the summer games), because in the case of Canada, winter sports are by and large much more popular. Kids growing up tend to play hockey, ski and skate for fun. Every street corner has its street hockey games even in summer; ice hockey is a popular pastime for children, with many joining junior hockey leagues …
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While this seems superficially plausible, if you drill down it’s not an explanation for the Canada/Australia imbalance. In fact, you make my point for me.
As you say, Canada has a number of very popular, “every street corner has a game” winter sports like hockey, skating and skiing, which are winter olympic events and so Canada should win winter olympic events in those sports. And it does.
The sports which Australians love, upon which there national focus, are cricket and three codes of football (League, Union and Australian Rules). These are the comparable popular, streetcorner games. None of these are even Olympic sports. So by your reasoning, Australia should win nothing.
But Australia does win olympic medals. It wins them in sports that are not the national focus. In sports that are small minority, like swimming and athletics and perhaps cycling, and indeed in sports so tiny that even describing them as “minority” gives an exaggerated impression (equestrian, shooting, boxing, rowing, canoeing, field hockey, weights, sailing, judo).
In short Australia wins medals in precisely the type of minority, non-focus sports that you excuse Canada from not winning.