A non-locking knife is useless for stabbing. You’re limited to slashes or cuts. The small blade you’re talking about is almost useless for that kind of cutting. You’d be better off with almost any other improvised weapon. Even a flimsy Bic pen is probably better for stabs.
About the only place I’d even try to cut with a blade that short would be across the forehead to blind him with blood. Not really useful unless that’s just an element in your overall attack. If you’re a very good fighter, you could use the knife as an adjunct to grappling, as a distraction or to do extra damage while you’re doing a technique. But if you were a good fighter you wouldn’t be asking this question.
Realistically, you don’t have much chance at much without a longer blade. As Stranger pointed out, the cuts aren’t going to hurt him much. You’re looking to destroy his mobility or incapacitate him due to shock and blood loss.
If you try cutting the throat, you need to cut deeply. The common carotid, which is probably the most vulnerable spot readily available, is buried an inch or two under muscle. If you actually get it, he’s going to be unconscious in about 15 to 30 seconds. I wouldn’t place any bets on that outcome though. You’d have to be pretty good at fighting to get him in a vulnerable position with his head back, by his hair, or partially restrained in a choke so that you can get to those spots. If you can do that, you can probably get the damn gun away from him.
In general, places to cut in knife attacks are at joints. There are vulnerable arteries and nerves there. In particular, at the inside bend of the elbow you’ve got the brachial artery (large red vessel labeled C) pretty close to the surface. It’s buried under the biceps higher up. At the front crease of the hip, toward the inside of the thigh, the femoral artery is relatively accessible, but clothing will probably prevent you from reaching it with what you’ve got.
An inch and a half is completely inadequate for any torso attack, including a kidney shot. Those are partially protected by the lower ribs, and you have thick muscle to get through before you can do any real damage. You’d probably do more with punches considering that you can’t stab without the blade closing on your fingers.
My advice: look for a better weapon, or completely ignore the knife. Concentrating on your weapon is a bad idea in any circumstances, but in this case it would be a serious liability.