He had received the draft notice two months earlier [than summer '69] during his spring term at Oxford. […]
While still at Oxford, Clinton had begun exploring alternatives to submitting to the draft. He had contacted a friend at Yale Law School to find out what it would take to enroll in the graduate Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program there. He had called friends back home for help arranging physicals for the state National Guard. […]
In his first days home, it appeared that Clinton saw no choice but to submit to the draft. There was little time left. In a letter he wrote to Denise Hyland, his former college girlfriend, he revealed that he had been given a new induction date: July 28. The local National Guard and Reserve units, which had been checked out by his stepfather and his uncle, were full. “I’m going to be drafted,” he wrote to her on July 8. “There isn’t much else to say. I am not happy, but neither was anyone else who was called before me, I guess.”
But that mood of resignation did not hold. As the July 28 deadline loomed, Clinton renewed his efforts to find an alternative to induction. He took physicals for the Air Force and Navy officer candidate schools, but failed both because of faulty vision and hearing. Finally he turned to the advanced ROTC program connected to the University of Arkansas School of Law in Fayetteville, which had no quotas and was open to law students. The program had grown rapidly in the year since graduate student deferments were eliminated.
Lee Williams, Fulbright’s chief aide in Washington, worked the telephone from his Capitol Hill office trying to arrange Clinton’s enrollment. Williams, a graduate of the law school and a vehement opponent of the war, had tried to help hundreds of young men find alternatives to fighting in it. His papers, now part of the Fulbright Archives at the
University of Arkansas, indicate that he contacted the director of the university’s ROTC program, Col. Eugene J. Holmes, on July 16, after discussing the specifics of Clinton’s situation with one of Holmes’s assistants. […]
Holmes later said that his meeting with Clinton involved “an extensive, approximately two-hour interview.” Clinton did not tell Holmes that he was an opponent of the Vietnam War and of the draft. The next day, Holmes took several calls from members of the Garland County Draft Board telling him that Sen. Fulbright’s office was putting pressure on them and that they needed the colonel to relieve it by enrolling Clinton in the program. Holmes decided to accept Clinton. The July 28 induction notice was nullified. The Garland County Draft Board granted Clinton a 1-D deferment as a reservist. […]
It was not until Clinton had signed up for the University of Arkansas ROTC that he became actively involved in the anti-war movement. […] Clinton said he felt guilty and hypocritical for having the ROTC deferment. […]
The series of events that led Clinton back to Oxford are in dispute. By Clinton’s account, he talked to Col. Holmes and gained permission to return to Oxford for the second year
since the basic training that he was required to attend before beginning advanced ROTC would not start until the following summer. Holmes said later that he allowed Clinton to return to Oxford for “a month or two,” but expected him to enroll in the law school as soon as possible. But a letter that Clinton wrote Holmes from Oxford in December 1969 in which he apologized for not writing more often - “I know I promised to let you hear from me at least once a month,” Clinton said in the letter - is the strongest evidence that Holmes was aware of and approved Clinton’s plan to go back to Oxford. […]
No one at Oxford had expected Clinton back for a second year. […]
Within a few weeks of his return, however, Clinton’s draft status changed once more. He decided to give up the deferment that he had worked so hard to get and resubmit himself to the draft. It is a difficult episode to sort out, muddled by Clinton’s various accounts over the years, which tend to be incomplete or contradictory, and by a scarcity of documentary evidence. […]
The preponderance of the evidence leads in one direction: to the notion that with each passing week there were more signs that he might not get drafted even if he abandoned his deferment. […]
Clinton’s draft records show that he held the 1-D deferment from Aug. 7 to Oct. 30, 1969. Those two dates mark the days when the Garland County board met, considered Clinton’s case and reclassified him, first from 1-A to 1-D, then back from 1-D to 1-A. These are not the dates, however, when Clinton took the actions that led to the reclassifications. According to the letter he wrote Denise Hyland, Clinton struck his ROTC deal with Col. Holmes on July 17 - three weeks before the board officially approved his 1-D deferment. Similarly, it seems certain that he notified the draft board that he wanted to give up his deferment and be reclassified 1-A sometime before the official Oct. 30 draft board action. […]
He had, whatever his motivations, exposed himself to some degree of risk by asking to be reclassified. If the lottery came, his draft fate would depend on a number. […]
Two months later, on the first day of December 1969, the first draft lottery since World War II began at 8:02 p.m. in a small conference room at the Selective Service System headquarters in Washington. Clinton’s birthday brought him luck that night. Aug. 19 was the 311th day picked. The yearly quota for 1970 was predicted to be about 350,000 men, which would be filled at least 100 numbers short of Clinton’s No. 311. Although he was theoretically draftable for another year and at times he told friends that his draft board might still get to him, he was, in reality, free.[…]