I think it might have started with Star Wars. IIRC the sound department wanted a sound for the guns and settled on whacking a telephone pole guy-wire with a wrench to get the pew pew sound (I always thought Foley artists had a cool job).
Ben Burtt, who was the sound designer for the Star Wars films, has indicated that discovering that particular sound was accidental: he was out hiking, and his backpack frame caught on a guy wire while he was walking underneath it.
I agree that it seems likely, barring any cites otherwise, that Star Wars was the vehicle that popularized a short, percussive sound (sort of like a gunshot), rather than a longer whine, for a laser gun or similar energy weapon.
Lasers don’t go “pew pew”. Classically, ray guns go “Zap!” IT’s even in the title of a book I read.
The reason then went zap was, I’ve suggested, by analogy with high voltage electrical arcs.
Ray guns, lasers, and phasers generally had a whirring or whooshing sound – look at Star TRek or the laseer in Goldfinger.
Ray guns that fired short bursts tended to have an interipted sound, to go with the bursts, which is close tou your “oew pew” sound. Look (and listen) to the blaster in Forbidden PLanet
Ben Burtt always layered his sound effects, so even when it was predominantly a zap there was a harsh percussive layer and a whoosh layer, and varying their pitch or swapping alternative clips allowed for subtle variance to make them not sound repetitious.
Also, I’ve heard the green disintegrator sound effect used elsewhere since, such as the Sniper attack for the Radiation Blast powerset in City of Heroes. I used to get that just because I liked the sound so much.
For me it was the early 70s but same experience. In college there was a telephone poll guy wire next to my dorm which also had an excellent sound when whacked. I did it almost daily for years. Never got old. Such a cool sound.
There’s also a “The Edge” FM station in Toronto and they are very edgy. In 1998 they had a “Princess for a Day” contest (a year after the death of Princess Diana), which was incredibly tasteless but extremely funny.
There’s a follow-up piece in my other Weird Optics book about hand-held ray guns (the earliest ones, like the Martian Heat Rays in H. G. Wells, were basically ray cannons). A. Merritt briefly gave them to us in Conquest of the Moon Pool (1919), but they really took off when it was introduced in the comic strip *Buck Rogers in the 25th CenturyThe book is called a decade later.
As I understand my movie history, sound effects - especially in SciFi - came strongly into vogue with the invention of the Theremin in the 1950s. Then came the Moog Synthesizer in 1964, and the silent vacuum of space was doomed forever.