It’s all mountains, islands and glaciers. Juneau is a small town of only 30,000 people. Building a road would be incredibly expensive, and it would still be a multi-day drive from Fairbanks and Anchorage to Juneau.
Think of it as though Juneau were on an island, like Victoria, the capital of British Columbia. It would make sense to move the capital to the mainland and we almost did this back in the 80s, but the plan failed due to cost.
Juneau is hemmed in not merely by mountains but by the Juneau ice field. Map of Juneau area
Although you can build roads across mountains, it would be pretty well impossible to build one across a glacier. I’m not positive there is no way around, but at best a road through those mountains would be extremely difficult to build and probably blocked by snow more than half the year. It just wouldn’t be worth it.
It’s not so much that there are mountains. In mountainous areas you can build roads in the valleys and there are always valleys and passes. Except in SE Alaska all the valleys are fjords instead and the fjords are filled with seawater. So a road link would be multiple bridges, tunnels, and blasting, a huge undertaking. All to connect one little 30,000 person town to the mainland, which would still be hundreds of miles from anywhere.
Whittier is one of those funky towns that only seem to exist in Alaska. Basically the army built two huge buildings there in the 50s, then moved out. So everyone in town lives in this one high-rise apartment building in the middle of nowhere.
And it has a train tunnel bored straight through the mountains to Anchorage.
Of course, it’s also about 500 miles from Juneau. Maybe you were thinking of Haines? Haines connects up to the road network in Canada. That’s only about 100 miles from Juneau…as the crow flies.
Too late! Our outgoing moron of a governor tried to push through a road from Juneau to Haines, only it really wouldn’t make it that far. Turns out, it would end somewhat short of Haines and they would have to build a ferry terminal. Turns out further that it would only really benefit a commercial mining enterprise that had contributed to his campaign. Our incoming governor put the blocks to the whole bullshit enterprise.
Well, not really. It actually connects Whittier to Portage, and it’s about 40 miles or so from Portage to Anchorage. The tunnel also now permits vehicle traffic for a toll fee of (I think) $35.
Beautiful location, grubby little town. We did an RV trip from Anchorage>Whittier>Cordova>Valdez>McCarthy>Anchorage a few years ago. The Cordova/Valdez destinations were by ferry. Beautiful trip.
Whittier’s an odd place. The only time I was there, it was heavily overcast and it seemed the streets were deserted and the place had an abandoned, “Soviet” feel to it.
The little town of Seward, though… I like that town.
Douglas is part of Juneau though it’s several miles from the center of town. It’s within the limits of the City and Borough of Juneau, as are several other settlements, like Auke Bay.