Since brother rat has eloquently answered many of these, I’m going to touch on only the ones I have something to add…
1. What do you call the thing that wines up windows in a car?
I’ve always called the thing that winds up windows a window crank. As for something that wines up windows, I’d call it a vandal, or someone lookin’ for love in all the wrong places… 
2. If English people drive on the left side of the road and the French drive on the right, how does the channel tunnel work?
A train transports the cars, as brother rat pointed out.
3. Is peanut butter a liquid or solid?
It’s more of a semi-solid. Sometimes the oils will seperate, especially in the cheaper brands (less binding agents) or organic brands (little or no binding agents)
4. If light is a wave, how can it travel through a vacuum?
I’ve never noticed if my vacuum sucks up the light. 
Seriously, brother rat [for the sakes of my carpal tunnel, henceforth known as br is correct in this aspect.
5. If two animals with a different number of chromosomes can’t mate, how does the evolutionary theory work? (I.e. at some point in time another chromosome was added.)
Nothing says they can’t try (moose and dairy cow, rabbit and neighbor’s dog (funniest damned thing I ever saw), goat and damned near anything); they just may not be able to produce viable young, or young that live long enough to study. Although our (different) neighbor’s St. Benard/poodle mix puppies were about the fugliest things I’d ever seen.
Several reasons - mutations, genetic anamolies, closeness of species.
Check out Humble Servant’s thread on human and chimpanzee interbreeding.
Pick up The Cartoon Guide to Genetics, by Larry Gonick. Explains a lot in terms of chromosomes and possibilities.
As far as the evolutionary theory goes, that is a long-term process, whereas genetic mutations contribute to it.
6. If survival of the fittest is true, why don’t I have wings? They’d sure come in handy.
Yes, they’d be handy, but so also would flippers, a prehensile tail, an exoskeleton, and gills (though not likely all at once). Development of these adaptations would depend on your environment and the need for them: feathered wings in an underwater environment would probably be more of a hindrance**, whereas a membraneous wing would be somewhat more practical. Better would be some sort of webbing between individual digits of the fore- and/or hind-limbs, hmmmmm, like a seal or completely modified fore- and/or hind-limb, hmmmmmm, like a whale.
For you to have wings, several factors must be taken into acount:
[li]your breastbone must be severely modified to support the massive amount of muscle needed.[/li][li]you would likely lose your arms, as they would be modified into the wings themselves - the skeletal structure as it stands could not likely support two sets of fore appendages.[/li][li]the heart and circulatory system would have to be revamped to provide blood to the feathers or membranes (you did not specify bird or bat wings)[/li][li]your bone structure would have to be revamped in order to provide lightness. Otherwise, you would expend a helluva lot of energy and not get anywhere because you weighed too much to support your own weight. Even if you only used them for gliding from cliff to cliff, there is still a lot of weight to support.[/li]
**yes, penguins ‘fly’ underwater, but their feathers are modified - very short (about an inch), very stiff, water-repellant (special oil from a preening gland) and VERY tightly packed (IIRC, about 2000/square inch - I need to check that stat, but it’s a pretty impressive number). Other diving/dabbling birds (mallards, osprey, et al) have oils to cover the feathers, but these birds do not live most of their lives underwater.
8. Why isn’t anyone born with y0? There’s people born with x0.
Pick up The Cartoon Guide to Genetics, by Larry Gonick. The female of the human species provies the “x”, the male of the human species provides “x” or “y”. I’ve heard of sperm missing a sex-chromosome, but not an ovum. There is also the possibility that the ensuing fetus would miscarry, and we would just never know that occurred.
[I mention of the human species, because the “x” and “y” are reversed in some species, i.e. birds - females carry the “y”, males provide the “x” or “y”
11. Where do you go if you get deported from every country?
There’s always Antarctica (owned by no particular country) or sailing forever on the open seas, staying out of territorial waters. br the place you mentioned is called Sealand - Cecil’s archived column - halfway down the page - “…successful new countries such as Sealand, founded in the 60s by former pirate radio operator Paddy Roy “Prince Roy” Bates on an abandoned antiaircraft platform off the coast of England.”
Principality of Sealand
12. Is there really a pole imbedded in the Ice at the North Pole? What country does Antarctica belong to?
If so, it’s likely moved with all the ice shifts over the years.
No country, as per the Antarctic Treaty signed in December 1959.
13. Is it possible to make a rubber glass alloy?
Not likely. [refraining from making inappropriate off-hand comment…]
14. Who smoked the first cigarette? Why?
No idea. Probably depends on the ingredient of the cigarette.
**25. If the brown noise (6 MHz) is the frequency the body digests at and will make your digestive muscles go limp, what’s the frequency the brain functions at? What happens if you hear it? **
No idea what you are talking about.
I wanna know what happened questions 15 through 24.
Welcome to the boards.
As a recomendation: If you are serious about some of these questions, many of the people here are usually more than willing to help, as long as we are not doing your homework for you. I would, however, recommend limiting your focus to one or maybe two related questions per thread. Someone well-versed in genetics would likely skip over this thread completely after seeing the title, and you would lose out on that person’s expertise. A mixed bag that looks like an explosion in the Trivial Pursuit card-manufacturing company gets a little tedious, since I have had to dig out four different reference books, and keep several windows opened on the computer.
And welcome aboard.
