Robert Heinlein coined at least two well-known words that I know of:
In his novella Waldo, he envisioned the “waldo,” a hand-operated artificial manipulator. He didn’t invent the waldo, that would be like saying Jules Verne invented the nuclear-powered submarine, but he came up with the concept, and the name was used when the thing actually was invented.
In Stranger in a Strange Land, he coined the (Martian) word “grok,” which means “to understand” . . or, rather, “to intuit” . . . or . . . well, it’s debatable what it means, but it’s well-known to SF fans and Californians.
This is not a proven fact - although the name was certainly popularised by its use in the book.
Quark is claimed to have a literary history. I’d suggest ‘hobbit’ has moved beyond Tolkein’s world, into the realm of imps and goblins. Blatant is more certain.
If you include names, the name “Madison” was popularized by the movie “Splash,” and Chelsea Clinton was inspired by the song “Chelsea Morning,” and Mrs. Glover wanted to name her son a variation of “Savior” and came up with “Savion.”
Newspeak, from Orwell’s 1984 is used occasionally.
Doubleplusungood is used by me.
Not sure if it counts, but British comic Viz has given dozens and dozens of obscenities to UK venacular in its Profanisaurus. Google it - too obscene to link, but I give you Bobfoc and Fafcam:
“Body off Baywatch, face off Crimewatch” and “Fit as fuck, common as muck” (“fit” meaning attractive) respectively.
Isn’t the term Assassin credited to Shakespeare? It seems like I recall that being the case but I can’t find any cites as such so my memory appears to be wrong.
Among sci fi geeks, there is a fairly commonly known term: ‘grok’ from Robert Heinlein’s Stranger in a Strange Land
I’ve never heard that used as a common noun. What does it mean?