The accidental yank/pull was lateral. What would be horizontally/laterally damaged inside the laptop? What components are right next to the USB port?
My first guess would be that you broke the solder holding the USB ports onto the motherboard. If that is true, I would think you would be able to have an otherwise functional laptop as long as the USB ports do not cause a short.
Yep, often soldered right into the motherboard. Shouldn’t hurt the laptop other than taking the USB port out of commission
If your other USB ports work, don’t worry about it. Maybe get a USB hub. Getting it repaired? Well, get an estimate first. You might decide you can survive without that one USB port.
I have plenty of USB ports; I was just concerned about having damaged components adjacent to the port.