My future MIL (as Zyada says I should identify her) is looking for a book she read somewhere around 1970. It features children born during (or after) an atomic war who are very intelligent, blond, and so pale they can’t stand the sun. That’s all the detail she had.
I think it sounds a bit like The Midwich Cuckoos by John Wyndham, but that was published in 1960, and doesn’t (IIRC) have anything nuclear about it.
The Chrysalids was published in the US under the title Rebirth. I just reread it recently: the children born after the atomic war were telepathic, but there was nothing about light sensitivity.
I haven’t read The Midwich Cuckoos. Same author, btw.