…is the prompt concession phone call / speech.
(This seems to me to be a matter of opinion, but if a debate develops, the Mods can feel free to move the thread.)
I think it’s time we accepted the fact that, if the election is at all close, we cannot know for sure who the winner is on the day after Election Day. If A appears to have won by a landslide (has more than enough Electoral Votes, and more than the required minimum of those Electoral Votes come from states where he has won decisively enough to be really sure of the wins), then yes, B may as well formally concede. But as long as the country is as evenly divided as it is now, such a landslide win is unlikely.
But IMHO, B should not concede if he faces the situation Kerry faced this time, and Gore faced four years ago: the news media are reporting probable Bush wins in a combination of states that give him enough Electoral Votes to win the election – but, in one or more states that Bush appears to have won, his margin of victory is very narrow. If one of the narrow-Bush-victory states turns out to actually have been won by Kerry, Kerry wins the election (or, in 2000, If one of the narrow-Bush-victory states turns out to actually have been won by Gore, Gore wins the election).
As it turned out in 2000, Florida was very much up in the air for several weeks. There were, IMO, several reasons for the widespread perception that Bush was the rightful winner in Florida, reasons having nothing to do with the rights or wrongs of the situation – and one of those reason was Gore’s (IMO) premature concession phone call / speech.
Yet with that lesson before him, and after some pre-election talk about making sure every vote is counted, and about not being out-lawyered by the Republicans, Kerry conceded on Nov. 3. IMO, on Nov. 3 we did not yet know for sure that Bush was the winner. It’s not that the vote counts were not yet complete. In Ohio, for example, the count had gone far enough to be sure that even if all of the uncounted votes went to Kerry, Bush would still be the winner. The problem is that on Nov. 3, it was way too soon to be sure that all of Bush’s wins were kosher. If election fraud has occured, it takes a few days for suspicion to begin to dawn, and it may well take weeks to find out the truth.
IMO, the right course of action for the candidate who appears to have narrowly lost is to say, “Well, right now it looks as though I may be the loser, but let’s not be hasty. We have not yet finished counting the votes. Perhaps more importantly, we have not yet examined the situation in states where my oponent’s apparant win is quite narrow.” By “narrowly won,” I don’t mean the popular vote as (unfortunately, imho) the popular vote does not count. Regardless of the popular vote, if the apearant winner has just barely enough Electoral Votes to win, and if the vote is very close in even one state, it’s a narrow victory.