Checking the UAL site and the checked baggage restriction is 62 inches of height +width+length.
Seems like a golf bag would often exceed that yet I see them all the time. Are they often exempted or are extra charges being paid in those cases?
Things like skis and golf clubs are exempted. There ore often special carousels just for these things, at least in areas where these are the norm (Colorado, Utah, Florida, Arizona).
If you want to take one of the long putters you have a problem. The longest club, the driver or #1 wood (now made of an exotic, space age material like titanium), is usually about 43-44? long. Some extra length drivers are two or so inches longer.
I know how much you prefer to play with your own sticks, but depending on your plans, you might find it easier to bring your shoes and rent clubs at your destination. Many courses have quite nice rental sets. If you carry your own, you should invest in a hard shell case, and have to lug it through the airport. Just a thought.