Let us say, for the sake of argument, that you live in Wisconsin. You’ve been observant of public health guidelines: you wear a mask when you’re at indoor sites that are not your home (e.g., stores, doctor’s offices, etc.), you limit close contact with people who aren’t in your bubble, you try to stay at least 6’ away from others (even when you’re outside), you wash your hands often, etc. You’ve been told that it’s important to do these things, so that we can keep the spread of COVID under control, and hopefully, life can get back to something like normal sooner rather than later.
But, a significant minority of your fellow Wisconsinites aren’t doing this. They refuse to wear masks (or they grudgingly do so when told to, but take them back off soon after), they have gone back to regularly going to indoor bars and restaurants (and, of course, it’s not possible to wear a mask while drinking or eating), and they otherwise have gone back to living life they way they want to. They say, “it’s my choice if I risk my own health.” Meanwhile, the Republican-controlled state legislature, and the powerful Tavern League of Wisconsin, have been fighting tooth-and-nail against socially-restrictive executive orders implemented by the Democratic governor.
And, not surprisingly, the number of cases in Wisconsin have risen dramatically in the past month-plus, to the point where many hospitals in the state are at or near capacity, and the death rate is also spiking, as the graphs on this page from the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel show:
COVID is now spiking in the state as it never has before (it’s now 3 times where it was during the last peak, in late July). And, even if you, as a dutiful Wisconsinite, have been “following the rules,” the people who haven’t been doing so are likely a major factor driving the sudden, dramatic rise in cases. Because of that spike, even if you’re being careful, you now face an increased risk of infection every time you go to the store, because there are more infected people out there. And, if you happen to get sick from something else, you may have a more difficult time getting treatment, because the healthcare system in much of Wisconsin is at or near capacity.
And, that is the mechanism.